Improving medication appropriateness in nursing homes via structured interprofessional medication-review supported by health information technology: a non-randomized controlled study

Table 2 Development of Medication Appropriateness Index (MAI) scores over the course of the SiMbA-study (t0-t2)

			t₀	t₁	t₂	Mean difference t₁-t₀ (CI_95%)	Effect size d_cohen	Effect size d_ppc2
IG	Total sample	M ± SD	24.55 ± 16.19 (n = 117)	21.16 ± 14.76 (n = 80)	21.39 ± 13.90 (n = 69)	− 3.35 (− 6.13; − 0.57)	d = − 0.22	Total sample: d_ppc2 = − 0.09
	Subgroup wMAIt₀ < 23	M ± SD	12.82 ± 5.80 (n = 65)	14.51 ± 9.94 (n = 45)	15.38 ± 9.36 (n = 37)	2.07 (− 0.60; 4.74)	d = 0.21	Subgroup wMAIt0 < 23: d_ppc2 = − 0.14
	Subgroup wMAIt₀ ≥ 23	M ± SD	39.21 ± 12.63 (n = 52)	29.71 ± 15.64 (n = 35)	28.34 ± 15.13 (n = 32)	− 10.31 (− 14.82; − 5.81)	d = − 0.67	Subgroup wMAIt0 < 23: d_ppc2 = − 0.14
CG	Total sample^a	M ± SD	30.87 ± 16.39 (n = 122)	28.97 ± 13.93 (n = 78)	28.58 ± 14.65 (n = 64)	−1.45 (− 3.79; − 0.89)	d = − 0.12
	Subgroup wMAIt₀ < 23	M ± SD	15.25 ± 4.83 (n = 44)	17.68 ± 8.45 (n = 28)	18.21 ± 11.27 (n = 24)	2.25 (− 0.13; − 4.63)	d = 0.36	Subgroup wMAIt₀ ≥ 23: d_ppc2 = − 0.38
	Subgroup^a wMAIt₀ ≥ 23	M ± SD	39.68 ± 13.83 (n = 78)	35.30 ± 12.33 (n = 50)	34.80 ± 12.88 (n = 40)	− 3.52 (− 6.84; − 0.20)	d = − 0.34	Subgroup wMAIt₀ ≥ 23: d_ppc2 = − 0.38

Notes: IG Intervention group, CG control group, M Mean, SD Standard deviation, wMAI Weighted MAI Sum score for long-term medication; Subgroup wMAIt₀ < 23 = subgroup of NHRs with a wMAI score < 23 at baseline; Subgroup wMAIt₀ ≥ 23 = subgroup of NHRs with a wMAI score ≥ 23 at baseline; d_cohen = Cohen’s d [31]; d_ppc2 = effect size for pretest-posttest-control group design using pooled pretest SD [32]
^aOne extreme outlier (mean difference t₁-t₀ = 53) was excluded to match the sample in the regression (see Table 3)

ISSN: 1471-2318