Table 1 Characteristics of Nursing Home Residents (NHR) at baseline (t₀)

 M ± SD

83.44^a ± 8.13

86.42^a ± 7.96

85.1^b ± 7.0

86.5 ± 8.0

81.4^a ± 9.0

86.38^a ± 7.99

 Min - Max

65–97

66–102

67–97

68–96

65–97

66–102

 Female n (%)

74 (63.25)

91 (73.98)

42 (64.62)

36 (81.82)

32 (61.54)

55 (69.62)

 DSS-score (0–14), M ± SD

5.56 ± 4.52

4.47 ± 4.75

6.57 ^b ± 4.54

6.04 ± 4.78

4.33 ^b ± 4.21

3.78 ± 4.60

(n = 109)

(n = 91)

(n = 60)

(n = 28)

(n = 49)

(n = 63)

 CCI M ± SD

4.6^a ± 2.4

3.3^a ± 2.1

4.66 ± 2.24

2.47 ± 1.52

4.57 ± 2.64

3.78 ± 2.23

 Min – Max

0–10

0–10

0–10

0–6

0–10

0–10

 Dementia n (%)

89 (82.41)

85 (75.89)

54 (87.10)

27 (72.97)

35 (76.09)

58 (77.33)

 Cerebrovascular Disease n (%)

81 (75.00)

74 (66.07)

49 (79.03)

27 (72.97)

32 (69.57)

47 (62.67)

 Congestive Heart Failure n (%)

53 (49.07)

31 (27.68)

29 (46.77)

6 (16.22)

24 (52.17)

25 (33.33)

(n = 106)

(n = 112)

(n = 59)

(n = 38)

(n = 47)

(n = 74)

 Katz ADL (0–6) M ± SD

2.1 ± 2.1

2.3 ± 2.1

1.86 ± 2.08

1.98 ± 2.03

2.30 ± 2.21

2.47 ± 2.18

(n = 114)

(n = 122)

(n = 64)

(n = 43)

(n = 50)

(n = 79)

 Per NHR M ± SD

9.6 ± 4.4

10.7 ± 4.7

7.43 ^b ± 3.56

7.36 ± 3.40

12.33 ± 3.78

12.58 ± 4.29

 Min – Max

2–23

1–26

2–16

1–18

7–23

6–26

  ≥ 5 drugs n (%)

101(86.32)

114 (92.68)

49 (75.38)

35 (79.55)

52 (100)

79 (100)

  ≥ 10 drugs n (%)

55 (47.01)

73 (59.35)

16 (24.62)

10 (22.73)

39 (75.00)

63 (79.75)

 Of regular drugs M ± SD

24.55^a ± 16.19

30.8^a ± 16.3

12.82^{a b} ± 5.80

15.25^a ± 4.83

39.21 ± 12.63

39.53 ± 13.80

 Min – Max

2–73

2–80

2–22

2–22

23–73

23–80