Table 2 Socio-demographic characteristics of older adults, and association with FV intake
Variables | N | %Total | FV grams/day | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
< 400 | ≥ 400 | ||||
Total | 2048 | 100.0 | 68.1 | 31.9 | – |
Sex | |||||
 Male | 918 | 44.8 | 70.6 | 29.4 | 0.030* |
 Female | 1130 | 55.2 | 66.1 | 33.9 | |
Age in years (Mean = 68.2, Median = 67, SD = 6.5, Min = 60, Max = 93) | |||||
 60–64 | 698 | 34.1 | 67.6 | 32.5 | 0.100 |
 65–69 | 593 | 28.9 | 65.8 | 34.2 | |
 70–79 | 617 | 30.1 | 69.0 | 31.1 | |
 80 or over | 139 | 6.8 | 77.0 | 23.7 | |
Place of residence | |||||
 Urban | 847 | 41.4 | 64.2 | 35.8 | 0.002** |
 Rural | 1201 | 58.6 | 70.8 | 29.2 | |
Marital status | |||||
 Single | 82 | 4.0 | 57.3 | 41.5 | 0.104 |
 Married | 1412 | 69.0 | 68.1 | 32.0 | |
 Widowed/divorced/separated | 554 | 27.0 | 69.7 | 30.1 | |
Educational attainment | |||||
 No formal education | 322 | 15.7 | 72.7 | 27.3 | 0.009** |
 Primary school | 1407 | 68.7 | 68.4 | 31.6 | |
 Secondary school | 218 | 10.6 | 64.2 | 35.3 | |
 Bachelor’s or higher degree | 102 | 5.0 | 55.9 | 44.1 | |
Occupation | |||||
 Unemployed | 1163 | 56.8 | 70.7 | 29.3 | 0.005** |
 Farmer | 429 | 21.0 | 62.2 | 37.8 | |
 Non-farmer | 456 | 22.3 | 66.9 | 33.1 | |
Personal income (baht per month) | |||||
 No income | 377 | 18.4 | 76.1 | 23.9 | 0.001** |
 Less than 10,000 | 1345 | 65.7 | 67.4 | 32.6 | |
 10,000-19,999 | 202 | 9.9 | 59.9 | 39.6 | |
 20,000 or above | 123 | 6.0 | 63.4 | 36.6 | |
Self-rated health | |||||
 Good/very good | 746 | 36.5 | 64.9 | 35.3 | 0.016* |
 Moderate/not good/bad | 1301 | 63.5 | 69.9 | 30.0 | |
Knowledge of FV | |||||
 High/highest | 1151 | 56.2 | 64.4 | 35.7 | 0.000*** |
 Low/lowest | 897 | 43.8 | 72.8 | 27.1 | |
Exposure to a community campaign | |||||
 High/highest | 773 | 37.7 | 63.4 | 36.6 | 0.000*** |
 Low/lowest | 1275 | 62.3 | 71.0 | 29.0 | |
Household size (persons) (Mean = 3.8, Median = 3, SD = 1.9, Min 1, Max 11) | |||||
 1–2 | 637 | 31.1 | 62.0 | 38.0 | 0.000*** |
 3–4 | 745 | 36.4 | 67.8 | 32.2 | |
 5 or more | 665 | 32.5 | 74.3 | 25.9 | |
Living arrangements | |||||
 With at least one child | 1144 | 55.9 | 70.0 | 30.0 | 0.001** |
 With spouse only | 362 | 17.7 | 59.7 | 40.3 | |
 Skipped-generation household | 273 | 13.3 | 69.6 | 30.4 | |
 With relatives or/and non- relatives | 140 | 6.8 | 63.6 | 36.4 | |
 Alone | 129 | 6.3 | 76.7 | 24.0 | |