Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study subjects

Sex (female)

41,063 (50.4)

28,941 (48.8)

12,122 (54.8)

Timed up and go test result (s)

8.44 ± 3.08

7.20 ± 1.49

11.76 ± 3.73

Hemoglobin (g/dL)*

13.72 ± 1.41

13.77 ± 1.40

13.58 ± 1.43

Anemia

10,237 (12.6)

7086 (11.9)

3151 (14.2)

 Underweight (< 18.5)

1678 (2.1)

1211 (2.0)

467 (2.1)

 Normal weight (18.5–25)

49,652 (60.9)

36,546 (61.6)

13,106 (59.2)

 Overweight (≥ 25)

32,143 (37.0)

21,578 (36.4)

8565 (38.7)

Depressive mood

16,458 (20.3)

11,342 (19.2)

5116 (23.2)

Cognitive impairment

12,247 (15.1)

8488 (14.4)

3759 (17.1)

Hypertension

58,695 (71.7)

42,023 (70.8)

16,372 (74.0)

Diabetes mellitus

21,065 (25.9)

14,638 (24.7)

6427 (29.0)

Dyslipidemia

23,026 (28.3)

16,149 (27.2)

6877 (31.1)

Cardiovascular disease

649 (0.8)

484 (0.8)

165 (0.8)