Table 1 Participant characteristics (N = 306) and results from the t-tests (t) and Mann-Whitney tests (U)

 65–74

–

–

–

–

–

–

 75–84

 85 or over

 Male

−0.06 (.41)

−0.05 (.59)

16.37 (6.63)

2.98 (.95)

3.17 (.91)

12.18 (4.28)

 Female

0.08 (.43)

t (304) = −2.78**

0.05 (.54)

t (304) = −1.76

15.48 (5.99)

t (288) = 1.19

2.51 (.92)

t(303) = 4.44***

2.60 (.86)

t(303) = 5.61***

14.83 (4.43)

t(297) = − 5.19***

 Married or living common law

0.22 (.46)

−0.08 (.49)

13.87 (6.4)

2.63 (1.02)

3.03 (.92)

12.41 (3.69)

 Widowed, separated or divorced, single (never married)

−0.10 (.35)

t (202.74) = 6.60***

0.16 (.65)

t(198.707) = 3.52**

17.09 (5.87)

t (288) = −4.38***

2.76 (.92)

t (303) = −1.13

2.56 (.87)

t(303) = − 4.36***

15.77 (5.06)

t(184.283) = 6.14***

 Italian

-up

–

–

–

–

–

 Other Origin

 Low (No diploma or elementary or Middle school)

0.20 (.59)

0.05 (.62)

14.71 (6.09)

2.71 (1)

2.81 (.97)

1.85 (.65)

 High (High school or University)

−0.11 (.53)

t(304) = 4.84***

−0.05 (.49)

t (304) = 1.67

17.27 (6.23)

t (288) = −3.53**

2.71 (.89)

t (303) = −.029

2.90 (.86)

t (303) = −.81

1.75 (.52)

t (303.9) = 1.46

 Cshristian

–

–

–

–

–

–

 Atheist or agnostic

 Refused to answer

 No

0.003

−0.24

16

3

3

1.62

 Yes

−0.04

U = 5352.5

−0.14

U = 6255.5

16

U = 5040

3

U = 4518

3

U = 4243.5

1.68

U = 5952