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Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of study participants according to sarcopenia status

From: Differences in sarcopenia prevalence between upper-body and lower-body based EWGSOP2 muscle strength criteria: the Tromsø study 2015–2016

Variable

All (n = 3498)

No sarcopenia (n = 3263)

Probable sarcopenia (n = 205)

Confirmed sarcopenia (n = 30)

Age-standardized prevalence (%)a

4.5

0.7

Age (yrs)

66.0 ± 9.0 (65.7–66.3)

65.6 ± 8.9 (65.2–65.9)

71.6 ± 7.8 (70.5–72.7)

77.5 ± 4.6 (75.8–79.2)

Weight (kg)

77.34 ± 15.0 (76.8–77.8)

77.3 ± 14.9 (76.8–77.8)

79.8 ± 15.8 (77.6–82.0)

62.0 ± 12.8 (57.2–66.8)

Height (cm)

168.6 ± 9.3 (168.3–168.9)

168.9 ± 9.2 (168.6–169.2)

164.5 ± 9.5 (163.2–165.8)

167.7 ± 10.2 (163.9–171.6)

Women (n, %)

2047 (58.5)

1879 (57.6)

155 (75.6)b

13 (43.3)

BMI (kg/m2)

27.1 ± 4.3 (27.0–27.3)

27.0 ± 4.2 (26.9–27.2)

29.4 ± 5.0 (28.7–30.1)

21.8 ± 2.8 (20.8–22.9)

Waist circumference (cm)c

95.0 ± 12.5 (94.5–95.4)

94.7 ± 12.4 (94.3–95.1)

100.6 ± 12.8 (98.8–102.3)

86.8 ± 12.4 (82.1–91.5)

Total body fat percentage (%)

34.7 ± 7.8 (34.4–35.0)

34.4 ± 7.7 (34.1–34.6)

40.5 ± 6.9 (39.5–41.4)

30.5 ± 7.0 (27.8–33.1)

ALMheight2

 Women (kg/m2)

6.9 ± 0.9 (6.8–6.9)

6.9 ± 0.9 (6.8–6.9)

7.1 ± 1.1 (7.0–7.3)

5.1 ± 0.3 (4.9–5.3)

 Men (kg/m2)

8.4 ± 1.0 (8.4–8.5)

8.5 ± 0.9 (8.4–8.5)

8.2 ± 0.8 (7.9–8.4)

6.5 ± 0.5 (6.2–6.7)

Current smoker (n, %)c

388 (11.2)

356 (11.0)

29 (14.6)

3 (10.0)

CVD, previous (n, %)c

265 (7.8)

239 (7.5)

20 (10.3)

6 (21.3)b

Diabetes, current (n, %)c

200 (5.9)

169 (5.4)

30 (15.4)b

1 (3.5)

Education (n, %)c

 Primary/partly secondary

1173 (34.4)

1063 (33.3)

101 (52.9)b

9 (31.0)

 Upper secondary

937 (27.5)

871 (27.3)

56 (29.3)b

10 (34.5)

 Tertiary, short

604 (17.7)

578 (18.1)

20 (10.5)b

6 (20.7)

 Tertiary, long

696 (20.4)

678 (21.3)

14 (7.3)b

4 (13.8)

Walk speed (m/sec)

1.2 ± 0.2 (1.1–1.2)

1.2 ± 0.2 (1.2–1.2)

0.9 ± 0.2 (0.9–1.0)

0.8 ± 0.2 (0.8–0.9)

TUG (sec)

8.6 ± 2.3 (8.6–8.7)

8.4 ± 2.0 (8.4–8.5)

11.4 ± 3.2 (11.0–11.8)

12.8 ± 3.4 (11.6–14.1)

Grip strength

 Women (kg)

27.4 ± 5.2 (27.2–27.6)

27.8 ± 4.8 (27.6–28.0)

23.1 ± 6.2 (22.1–24.0)

19.3 ± 7.1 (15.0–23.6)

 Men (kg)

46.7 ± 9.0 (46.3–47.2)

47.3 ± 8.6 (46.9–47.8)

36.8 ± 10.5 (33.8–39.7)

29.6 ± 4.0 (27.5–31.7)

Chair rises, 5 repetitions (sec)

9.9 ± 3.4 (9.8–10.0)

9.4 ± 2.3 (9.3–9.5)

17.6 ± 6.7 (16.7–18.5)

16.5 ± 4.1 (15.0–18.0)

  1. Numbers are mean ± SD (95% CI) or n (%). Probable sarcopenia is defined by either grip strength or chair stand cutoffs. Confirmed sarcopenia is defined by ALMheight2 cutoffs. ALMheight2 Appendicular Lean Mass relative to squared body height, CVD Cardiovascular Disease (includes myocardial infarction and stroke), TUG Timed-Up-and-GO test. aTotal sample prevalence standardized according to European Populations 2013. bSignificantly different at P < 0.01 level from the non-sarcopenic group according to chi2 test. cMissing data present: 0.3% for waist circumference, 1.2% for current smoker, 2.7% for previous CVD, 3.4% for current diabetes, 2.6% for education levels. The Tromsø Study 2015–16