Variables | Robust (n = 21) | Prefrail (n = 47) | Frail (n = 12) | P |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex, no. (%) | 0.245 | |||
Female | 8 (38.1) | 28 (59.6) | 7 (58.3) | |
Male | 13 (61.9) | 19 (40.4) | 5 (41.7) | |
Age (years) | 67.5 ± 6.5 | 69.7 ± 6.2 | 70.8 ± 5.0 | 0.257 |
Weight (kg) | 71.7 ± 11.3 | 67.3 ± 10.2 | 63.3 ± 8.6 | 0.069 |
Height (cm) | 161.7 ± 10.0 | 158.9 ± 8.7 | 157.2 ± 5.6 | 0.313 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.4 ± 3.2 | 26.6 ± 3.0 | 25.7 ± 3.8 | 0.297 |
Serum albumin (g/dL) | 3.83 ± 0.36 | 3.84 ± 0.28 | 3.73 ± 0.25 | 0.559 |
Frailty index (range, 0–1) | 0.070 ± 0.035 | 0.126 ± 0.063* | 0.230 ± 0.115*,† | < 0.001 |
Grip strength (kg) | 32.7 ± 7.8 | 27.9 ± 8.9 | 20.9 ± 6.6*,† | 0.001 |
Gait speed (m/s) | 1.21 ± 0.18 | 1.03 ± 0.33 | 0.75 ± 0.28*,† | < 0.001 |
Chair stand (s) | 9.6 ± 4.2 | 11.3 ± 8.2 | 14.5 ± 7.2 | 0.193 |
SPPB score (range, 0–12) | 11.5 ± 1.0 | 10.3 ± 2.7 | 9.5 ± 2.2* | 0.046 |
Muscle mass (kg) | 25.3 ± 4.9 | 22.5 ± 5.6 | 20.0 ± 3.6* | 0.021 |
ASMI (kg/m2) | 7.29 ± 1.26 | 6.78 ± 1.26 | 6.23 ± 0.99 | 0.065 |
Sarcopenia, no. (%) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (14.9) | 5 (41.7) | 0.006 |
Use of ≥5 prescription drugs, no. (%) | 8 (38.1%) | 23 (48.9) | 8 (66.7) | 0.287 |
Multimorbidity, no. (%) | 15 (71.4) | 35 (74.5) | 11 (91.7) | 0.382 |
ADL disability, no. (%) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (6.4) | 2 (16.7) | 0.163 |
IADL disability, no. (%) | 1 (4.8) | 15 (31.9) | 8 (66.7) | 0.001 |
Social frailty score (range, 0–5) | 0.95 ± 0.67 | 1.40 ± 1.10 | 2.08 ± 1.00* | 0.009 |
Mini-Cognition score (range, 0–5) | 4.33 ± 0.86 | 3.64 ± 1.24 | 3.27 ± 1.27* | 0.026 |
Cognitive dysfunction, no. (%) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (6.4) | 4 (33.3) | 0.003 |
PHQ-2 score (range, 0–6) | 0.86 ± 0.85 | 1.45 ± 1.94 | 3.82 ± 1.72*,† | < 0.001 |
Depression, no. (%) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (10.6) | 8 (66.7) | < 0.001 |