Table 1 Characteristics of the study sample. Means, standard deviations (SD), numbers and percentages
Characteristics | Total (N = 88) | Intervention group (n = 44) | Control group (n = 44) |
|---|---|---|---|
Age in years, mean (SD) | 78.3 (5.5) | 78.6 (5.7) | 77.9 (5.2) |
Sex, female n (%) | 43 (48.9) | 17 (38.6) | 26 (59.1) |
Living alone, n (%) | 45 (51.1) | 22 (50.0) | 23 (52.3) |
Education, n (%) | |||
Less than bachelor’s degree | 35 (39.8) | 12 (27.3) | 23 (52.3) |
Bachelor’s degree | 32 (36.4) | 20 (45.5) | 12 (27.3) |
More than bachelor’s degree | 21 (23.9) | 12 (27.3) | 9 (20.5) |
Length of stay, in days, median (IQR) | 2 (1–4) | 2 (1–4.8) | 3 (1–4) |
Number of comorbidities, mean (SD) | 4.7 (2.3) | 4.2 (2.5) | 4.8 (2.1) |
Hospital admission diagnosis (ICD-10), n (%) | |||
Mental and behavioral disorders | 4 (4.5) | 2 (4.5) | 2 (4.5) |
Diseases of the nervous system | 5 (5.7) | 2 (4.5) | 3 (6.8) |
Diseases of the eye and adnexa/ear and mastoid process | 6 (6.8) | 5 (11.4) | 1 (2.3) |
Diseases of the circulatory system | 31 (35.2) | 16 (36.4) | 15 (34.1) |
Diseases of the respiratory system | 14 (15.9) | 8 (18.2) | 6 (13.6) |
Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue | 5 (5.7) | 4 (9.1) | 1 (2.3) |
Diseases of the genitourinary system | 9 (10.2) | 2 (4.5) | 7 (15.9) |
Other diseases | 14 (15.9) | 5 (11.4) | 9 (20.5) |
Fall since discharge, n (%) | 25 (28.4) | 11 (25.0) | 14 (31.8) |
Physical function: | |||
Short Physical Performance Battery, mean (SD)a | 8.7 (2.3) | 8.6 (2.3) | 8.9 (2.2) |
Gait speed m/s, mean (SD), n = 85 (42 int. group and 43 cont. group) | 0.8 (0.2) | 0.8 (0.2) | 0.8 (0.2) |
Grip strength kg, mean (SD) | 26.3 (9.1) | 26.8 (8.7) | 25.8 (9.5) |
Berg Balance Scale, mean (SD)a | 48.9 (6.8) | 48.8 (6.6) | 48.9 (7.1) |
6-min walk test m, mean (SD) | 387.4 (115) | 378.8 (109.8) | 396.1 (120.7) |
Body mass index, mean (SD) | 26.9 (5.4) | 26.1 (5.4) | 27.8 (5.4) |
International physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ), n = 69 | |||
High, n (%) | 7 (10.2) | 4 (10.8) | 3 (9.4) |
Moderate, n (%) | 25 (36.2) | 14 (37.8) | 11 (34.4) |
Low, n (%) | 37 (53.6) | 19 (51.4) | 18 (56.3) |
Health related quality of life (SF-36):b | |||
Physical functioning, n = 88 (44 int. group and 44 cont. group) | 58.9 (23.3) | 57.1 (22.7) | 60.7 (24.0) |
Role physical, n = 83 (41 int. group and 42 cont. group) | 47.0 (27.8) | 42.9 (27.5) | 51.0 (27.9) |
Bodily pain, n = 83 (42 int. group and 41 cont. group) | 56.6 (25.9) | 55.8 (28.4) | 57.4 (23.5) |
General health, n = 85 (43 int. group and 42 cont. group) | 52.2 (21.6) | 50.5 (21.2) | 54.1 (22.2) |
Vitality, n = 86 (43 int. group and 43 cont. group) | 44.9 (17.5) | 44.8 (15.5) | 44.9 (19.6) |
Social functioning, n = 87 (44 int. group and 43 cont. group) | 67.5 (28.1) | 67.3 (26.9) | 67.7 (29.5) |
Role emotional, n = 83 (43 int. group and 40 cont. group) | 59.4 (23.2) | 62.2 (21.9) | 56.5 (24.4) |
Mental health, n = 85 (43 int. group and 42 cont. group) | 67.7 (14.4) | 66.7 (15.2) | 68.7 (13.6) |
Physical component summary, n = 79 (40 int. group and 39 cont. group) | 39.0 (10.1) | 37.3 (10.5) | 40.7 (9.5) |
Mental component summary, n = 79 (40 int. group and 39 cont. group) | 47.7 (8.1) | 48.0 (8.7) | 47.3 (7.5) |