Table 4 Within-Group Changes in Outcome Measures among Intervention and Control Participants (N = 38)

 Pain interference (range: 0–10)

4.4 (2.1)

3.2 (2.2)

0.006

3.1 (2.0)

2.4 (2.4)

0.08

 Worst pain (range: 0–10)

5.8 (1.6)

5.0 (1.7)

0.11

5.3 (1.4)

5.0 (2.0)

0.66^a

 Least pain (range: 0–10)

2.6 (1.5)

2.2 (2.2)

0.57

2.0 (1.6)

1.6 (1.9)

0.23

 Average pain (range: 0–10)

4.2 (1.4)

3.9 (2.0)

0.33^a

3.7 (1.5)

3.4 (1.8)

0.43^a

 Current pain (range: 0–10)

3.0 (1.8)

3.1 (1.9)

0.92

2.4 (1.6)

2.2 (2.0)

0.25

C-Reactive Protein, mg/L

3.5 (3.8)

3.0 (3.5)

0.31

2.8 (3.8)

2.2 (2.3)

0.95^a

 Physical functioning (range: 0–100)

56.4 (20.9)

60.6 (20.6)

0.22

65.8 (23.1)

64.2 (29.4)

0.68

 Physical health limitations (range: 0–100)

22.2 (35.2)

36.1 (39.0)

0.32^a

30.3 (38.7)

54.2 (41.3)

0.02^a

 Emotional health limitations (range: 0–100)

55.6 (44.3)

66.7 (41.2)

0.23^a

61.4 (38.9)

81.5 (30.7)

0.13

 Energy/fatigue (range: 0–100)

40.8 (20.9)

53.3 (21.3)

0.01

45.0 (16.8)

47.5 (18.5)

0.46

 Well-being (range: 0–100)

62.1 (22.0)

70.5 (17.0)

0.16

73.6 (11.4)

76.0 (15.0)

0.67

Social functioning (range: 0–100)

58.6 (26.0)

76.4 (24.6)

0.004^a

71.7 (18.6)

76.4 (23.8)

0.41

 Pain (range: 0–100)

45.9 (17.9)

57.1 (18.5)

0.02

51.7 (11.4)

59.3 (17.5)

0.08

 General health (range: 0–100)

53.4 (20.2)

58.8 (20.1)

0.24

60.0 (22.5)

64.4 (19.3)

0.42^a

 8-ft up-and-go (s)

5.9 (1.3)

6.1 (2.2)

0.79^a

5.6 (0.94)

5.7 (0.86)

0.82

 30-s arm curl (reps)

22.4 (5.9)

23.5 (5.5)

0.36

19.7 (3.8)

20.6 (3.6)

0.40

 30-s chair stand (reps)

16.6 (5.9)

16.5 (5.9)

0.94

15.0 (3.6)

15.9 (4.1)

0.11

 Back scratch (cm)

10.4 (10.0)

8.9 (11)

0.36

6.4 (12)

3.6 (6.4)

0.27^a

 Chair sit-and-reach (cm)

−3.1 (10.6)

−2.7 (13)

0.83

0.03 (7.3)

0.5 (8.2)

0.77

 2-min step test (steps)

98.0 (26.3)

93.4 (34)

0.43

90.3 (23.6)

93.3 (25.0)

0.02^a

Resilience (BRS)

3.2 (0.8)

3.5 (0.88)

0.12

3.7 (0.8)

3.8 (0.7)

0.85

 Total PA frequency (times/wk)

19.0 (17.6)

18.9 (9.4)

0.50^a

20.6 (9.1)

23.3 (11.2)

0.30

 MVPA frequency (times/wk)

9.0 (8.0)

6.7 (5.1)

0.45^a

9.6 (5.8)

10.2 (5.4)

0.57

 Total PA duration (hr/wk)

14.8 (10.5)

14.5 (7.0)

0.91^a

16.4 (10.0)

15.1 (9.0)

0.80

 MVPA duration (hr/wk)

7.0 (5.8)

5.3 (4.8)

0.27^a

7.2 (6.2)

7.0 (5.2)

0.65