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Table 1 Participant Baseline Characteristics by Group (N = 38)

From: Feasibility of a yoga intervention to decrease pain in older women: a randomized controlled pilot study

Characteristic

Intervention

(n = 19)

Control

(n = 19)

P

Age

66 (7.3)

65 (4.0)

0.61

  ≤ 69 years

16 (84.2)

16 (84.2)

–

  > 69 years

3 (15.8)

3 (15.8)

–

Race/ethnicity (n,%)

 Non-Hispanic white

16 (84.2)

17 (89.4)

1.00

 Hispanic

1 (5.3)

0 (0.0)

 Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander

0 (0.0)

1 (5.3)

 Prefer not to answer

2 (10.5)

1 (5.3)

Education (n,%)

 Some college

3 (15.8)

2 (10.5)

0.65

 College graduate

4 (21.1)

7 (36.8)

 Post-grad/professional

12 (63.2)

10 (52.6)

Marital Status (n,%)

 Married or cohabiting

11 (57.9)

11 (61.1)

1.00

 Living alone

8 (42.1)

7 (38.9)

Employment (n,%)

 Working

8 (42)

9 (47.4)

1.00

 Not working

11 (58)

10 (52.6)

Income (n,%)

 Less than $50,000

5 (29.4)

9 (56.3)

0.17

 $50,000+

12 (70.6)

7 (43.8)

Currently Practicing Yoga

 Yes

2 (10.5)

1 (5.2)

–

 Frequency (times/week)

1

1

–

Pain Symptoms (BPI)

 Pain interference (range: 0–10)

4.5 (2.1)

3.1 (2.0)

0.054

 Worst pain (range: 0–10)

5.8 (1.6)

5.3 (1.4)

0.29

 Least pain (range: 0–10)

2.6 (1.5)

2.0 (1.6)

0.22

 Average pain (range: 0–10)

4.2 (1.4)

3.7 (1.5)

0.31

 Current pain (range: 0–10)

3.0 (1.8)

2.4 (1.6)

0.42

C-Reactive Protein (mg/L)

3.5 (3.8)

2.8 (3.8)

0.34

Quality of Life (SF-36)

 Physical functioning (range: 0–100)

56.4 (20.9)

65.8 (23.1)

0.21

 Role limitations (physical) (range: 0–100)

22.2 (35.2)

30.3 (38.7)

0.47

 Role limitations (emotional) (range: 0–100)

55.6 (44.3)

61.4 (38.9)

0.71

 Energy/fatigue (range: 0–100)

40.8 (20.9)

45.0 (16.8)

0.50

 Well-being (range: 0–100)

62.1 (22.0)

73.6 (11.3)

0.11

 Social functioning (range: 0–100)

58.6 (26.0)

71.7 (18.6)

0.12

 Pain (range: 0–100)

45.9 (17.9)

51.7 (11.4)

0.34

 General health (range: 0–100)

53.4 (20.2)

60.0 (22.5)

0.35

Functional Fitness (SFT)

 8-ft up-and-go (s)

5.9 (1.3)

5.6 (0.9)

0.54

 30-s arm curl (reps)

22.4 (5.9)

19.7 (3.8)

0.21

 30-s chair stand (reps)

16.6 (5.9)

15.0 (3.6)

0.58

 Back scratch (cm)

10.4 (10.0)

6.4 (12.4)

0.28

 Chair sit-and-reach (cm)

−3.1 (10.6)

0.03 (7.3)

0.30

 2-min step test (steps)

98 (26.3)

90.3 (23.6)

0.34

Resilience (BRS)

3.2 (0.8)

3.7 (0.8)

0.06

Physical Activity (CHAMPS)

 Total PA frequency (times/wk)

19.0 (17.5)

20.6 (9.1)

0.28

 Moderate PA frequency (times/wk)

9.0 (8.1)

9.6 (5.8)

0.45

 Total PA duration (hr/wk)

14.8 (10.5)

16.4 (10.0)

0.56

 Moderate PA duration (hr/wk)

7.0 (5.8)

7.2 (6.2)

0.84

  1. Note: Values are expressed as means (SD) unless otherwise specified
  2. Abbreviations: BPI Brief Pain Inventory, SF-36 36-Item Short Form Survey, SFT Senior Fitness Test, BRS Brief Resilience Scale, CHAMPS Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors, PA Physical activity