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Table 1 Characteristics of older patients with or without functional decline during a rehabilitation unit stay and associated factors

From: Functional decline in geriatric rehabilitation ward; is it ascribable to hospital acquired infection? A prospective cohort study

  

Functional declinea during rehabilitation unit stay

Study population

n = 160 (%)

Yes

n = 28 (%)

No

n = 132 (%)

Crude OR [95% CI] †

P value ‡

Baseline characteristics

 Age, years, median [Q1-Q3]

84 [80–88]

83 [81–87.5]

84 [80–88]

 

0.78

 Male sex

44 (27.5)

9 (32.1)

35 (26.5)

 

0.55

 Living alone

110 (68.8)

19 (67.9)

91 (68.9)

 

0.91

Place of residence

 Home or assisted-living facility

155 (96.9)

27 (96.4)

128 (97.0)

 

0.88

 Nursing home

5 (3.1)

1 (3.6)

4 (3.0)

  

Main acute diagnosis

    

0.48

 Cardiovascular diseases

36 (22.5)

6 (21.4)

30 (22.7)

  

 Cerebrovascular diseases

50 (31.2)

12 (42.9)

38 (28.8)

  

 Orthopedic diseases (including fracture)

35 (21.9)

4 (14.3)

31 (23.5)

  

 Other diagnosisb

39 (24.4)

6 (21.4)

33 (25.0)

  

ADL at admission in rehabilitation unit, median [Q1-Q3]

7 [4–10]

5 [3–10]

7.5 [4–10]

0.91 [0.81–1.03]

0.14

Comorbidities

 Global CIRS-G, median [Q1-Q3], OR/1-point increase (n = 164)

11 [8–13]

12.5 [10–15.5]

10 [8–12]

1.15 [1.03–1.28]

0.01

 CIRS-G Index, median [Q1-Q3], OR/1-point increase

4.0 [3.5–5.5]

6 [4–6]

4 [3–5]

1.46 [1.14–1.86]

0.003

Number of patients with CIRS-G score ≥ 2 in each category, n (%)

 Cardiovascular/respiratory system

  Heart disease

101 (63.1)

20 (71.4)

81 (61.4)

 

0.32

  Hypertension

116 (72.5)

19 (66.9)

97 (73.5)

 

0.55

  Vascular/hematological diseases

44 (27.5)

9 (32.1)

35 (26.5)

 

0.55

  Respiratory diseases

34 (21.3)

11 (39.3)

23 (17.4)

3.07 [1.27–7.41]

0.01

  Eye, ear, nose and larynx diseases

36 (22.5)

6 (21.4)

30 (22.7)

 

0.88

 Gastrointestinal system

  Upper gastrointestinal diseases

12 (7.5)

3 (10.7)

9 (6.8)

 

0.48

  Lower gastrointestinal diseases

13 (8.1)

3 (10.7)

10 (7.6)

 

0.58

  Hepatic diseases

1 (0.6)

0 (0)

1 (0.8)

 

–

 Genitourinary system

  Renal diseases

56 (35)

14 (50)

42 (31.8)

2.14 [0.94–4.90]

0.07

  Other urogenital diseases

33 (20.6)

8 (28.6)

25 (18.9)

1.71 [0.68–4.33]

0.26

 Musculoskeletal/intergumentary system

  Muscle, bone, and skin diseases

80 (50.0)

16 (57.1)

64 (48.5)

 

0.41

 Neuropsychiatric system

  Neurological diseases

42 (26.3)

10 (35.7)

32 (24.2)

 

0.21

  Psychiatric diseases

120 (75.0)

25 (89.3)

95 (72.0)

3.25 [0.92–11.40]

0.06

 General system

  Endocrine and metabolic diseases

44 (27.5)

10 (35.7)

34 (25.8)

 

0.29

  MMSE, median [Q1-Q3], OR/1-point decrease

22 [17–26]

18 [15–25]

23 [18–27]

1.10 [1.02–1.18]

0.02

  MMSE < 24

87 (56.5)

19 (70.4)

68 (53.5)

2.06 [0.84–5.05]

0.11

  Albumin level < 35 g/L

86 (53.5)

21 (75)

65 (49.2)

3.09 [1.23–7.77]

0.02

  CRP level, mg/L, median [Q1-Q3]

6 [2.5–13]

8 [2.5–17.5]

5 [2.5–12.5]

 

0.59

  Creatinine clearance Cockroft, ml/min, median [Q1-Q3], OR/1-point decrease (n = 164)

41.5 [32.6–54.1]

50.2 [30.5–55.8]

40.4 [32.7–53.3]

 

0.57

Hospital-acquired infection (HAI)

 Acquired infection during rehabilitation period c

48 (30.0)

12 (42.9)

36 (27.3)

2.00 [0.86–4.64]

0.11

 Pulmonary HAI

23 (14.4)

8 (28.6)

15 (11.4)

3.12 [1.17–8.32]

0.02

 Acquired urinary infection

23 (14.4)

5 (17.9)

18 (13.6)

 

0.56

 Other acquired infections

5 (3.1)

0 (0)

5 (3.8)

 

–

  1. Abbreviation: OR Odds ratio, CI Confidence interval, ADL Activities of daily living, CIRS-G Cumulative Illness Rating Scale for Geriatrics, CRP C--reactive protein, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination
  2. The CIRS-G consists of 14 domains related to different body systems. Scoring on the different domains is weighted by the severity of the comorbid condition. Severity scores range from 0 (none) to 4 (extremely severe). The global score is the sum of each of the 14 domain scores. The CIRS-G index was calculated as the number of categories with score ≥ 2
  3. (n=) indicates the number of patients with available data
  4. ‡P value by logistic regression (Wald test)
  5. aFunctional decline was defined by at least a one-point decrease in ADL score during the rehabilitation unit stay
  6. bIncluding respiratory, gastrointestinal, and osteoarticular disease other than fracture
  7. cSome patients had two or more acquired infections, so the sum of the patients in the three acquired infection groups is > 48