Table 2 The laboratory findings, complications, treatment and clinical outcome of patients with COVID-19 among 3 groups

White blood cells (10⁹/L)

5.57 (4.16–7.18)

5.37 (4.28–7.07)

5.73 (4.53–7.56)

Neutrophils (10⁹/L)

2.93 (2.11–4.66)

3.14 (2.55–4.59)

3.87 (2.73–5.56)^*#

Lymphocytes (10⁹/L)

1.52 (1.09–2.02)

1.31 (0.90–1.73)

1.01 (0.68–1.57)^*#

  < 0.8

13 (12.7%)

29 (18.5%)

101 (32.9%)^*#

Hemoglobin (g/L)

133.0 (122.8–145.0)

125.0 (116.5–135.5)^*

121.0 (111.0–132.0)^*#

Platelet (10⁹/L)

220.5 (177.3–272.3)

231.0 (178.0–295.5)

208.0 (155.0–261.0)^#

  < 100

0 (0.0%)

2 (1.3%)

19 (6.2%)^*#

CRP (mg/L)

2.53 (0.50–11.88)

5.60 (0.71–37.40)

27.70 (2.64–72.85)^*#

ALT (U/L)

26.0 (17.8–48.0)

27.0 (18.0–51.0)

23.0 (16.0–36.0)^#

AST (U/L)

23.0 (17.0–33.3)

25.0 (19.0–37.0)

27.0 (19.0–39.0)^*

ALP (U/L)

57.0 (45.0–69.3)

64.5 (52.0–81.3)^*

66.0 (55.0–81.0)^*

GGT (U/L)

23.0 (15.0–39.3)

29.5 (18.0–51.0)

27.0 (17.0–47.0)

Total bilirubin (μmol/L)

10.1 (7.2–13.0)

10.2 (7.5–13.7)

11.1 (8.4–15.2)^*#

Albumin (g/L)

41.5 (38.4–44.7)

39.4 (36.6–42.1)^*

36.6 (33.1–39.3)^*#

  < 30

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

18 (5.9%)^*#

Urea nitrogen (mmol/L)

4.11 (3.10–5.42)

4.53 (3.40–5.61)

5.40 (4.28–7.41)^*#

Creatinine (μmol/L)

61.0 (48.8–72.0)

55.0 (46.5–67.5)

63.0 (52.0–75.0)^#

Blood glucose (mmol/L)

4.99 (4.59–5.87)

5.36 (4.83–6.76)^*

5.80 (5.04–7.43)^*#

Creatine kinase (U/L)

61.0 (44.0–108.0)

56.0 (35.0–82.5)

60.0 (42.0–94.5)

LDH (U/L)

189.0 (164.8–298.5)

227.0 (187.0–281.0)

265.0 (210.0–363.0)^*#

CK-MB (ng/mL)

0.64 (0.44–0.88)

0.75 (0.54–1.05)

1.27 (0.90–2.25)^*#

cTnI (ng/mL)

0.006 (0.006–0.006)

0.006 (0.006–0.006)

0.008 (0.006–0.025)^*#

 ARDS

15 (14.7%)

35 (22.3%)

88 (28.7%)^*

 Acute cardiac injury

4/91 (4.4%)

5/154 (3.2%)

66/306 (21.6%)^*#

  With history of cardiovascular disease

0/5 (0.0%)

0/53 (0.0%)

56/178 (31.5%)^#

  Without history of cardiovascular disease

4/86 (4.7%)

5/101 (5.0%)

10/128 (7.8%)

 Heart failure (elevated BNP)

1/72 (1.4%)

5/132 (3.8%)

39/269 (14.5%)^*#

 Novel or worsening arrhythmia

21 (20.6%)

26 (16.6%)

71 (23.1%)

 Acute liver injury

9 (8.8%)

11 (7.0%)

35 (11.4%)

 Acute kidney injury

2 (2.0%)

1 (0.6%)

13 (4.2%)

 Skeletal muscle injury

9/102 (8.8%)

8/150 (5.3%)

20/285 (7.0%)

 Antiviral therapy

97 (95.1%)

150 (95.5%)

295 (96.1%)

 Antibiotic therapy

66 (64.7%)

114 (72.6%)

230 (74.9%)

 Glucocorticoids

27 (26.5%)

42 (26.8%)

127 (41.4%)^*#

 Nasal cannula

71 (69.6%)

111 (70.7%)

220 (71.7%)

 Non-invasive ventilation (ie, face mask)

9 (8.8%)

25 (15.9%)

65 (21.2%)^*

 Invasive mechanical ventilation

1 (1.0%)

4 (2.5%)

12 (3.9%)

Severe

49 (48.0%)

99 (63.1%)^*

254 (82.7%)^*#

 Discharge

100 (98.0%)

150 (95.5%)

250 (81.4%)^*#

 Death

2 (2.0%)

7 (4.5%)

57 (18.6%)^*#