Table 1 Characteristics by diabetes status in 2516 men and 6664 women from the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study
From: Glycaemia and hand grip strength in aging people: Guangzhou biobank cohort study
|  | Normoglycaemia | IFG only | IGT only | IFG + IGT | T2DM | Known T2DM | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men | |||||||
 Number | 1271 | 224 | 363 | 150 | 209 | 299 |  |
 Fasting glucose, mmol/l, mean (SD) | 4.93 (0.42) | 5.93 (0.28) | 5.08 (0.44) | 6.01 (0.30) | 7.09 (2.31) | 7.70 (3.15) | < 0.001 |
 Post-load glucose, mmol/l, mean (SD) | 6.03 (1.26) | 6.47 (1.37) | 8.90 (0.84) | 9.17 (0.90) | 14.42 (4.32) | 9.25 (4.33) | < 0.001 |
 Age, years, mean (SD) | 67.38 (6.68) | 67.28 (6.71) | 69.38 (6.49) | 68.31 (6.68) | 69.18 (5.66) | 68.88 (6.37) | < 0.001 |
Education, % | |||||||
 Primary or below | 27.87 | 27.68 | 25.34 | 24.00 | 30.62 | 25.42 | 0.11 |
 Middle school | 57.17 | 52.68 | 57.30 | 58.67 | 52.15 | 51.51 | |
 College or above | 14.96 | 19.64 | 17.36 | 17.33 | 17.22 | 23.08 | |
Smoking status, % | |||||||
 Never | 41.67 | 43.30 | 47.66 | 48.67 | 47.12 | 46.15 | < 0.001 |
 Former | 24.86 | 29.02 | 29.20 | 30.00 | 30.29 | 31.77 | |
 Current | 33.46 | 27.68 | 23.14 | 21.33 | 22.60 | 22.07 | |
Alcohol use, % | |||||||
 Never | 29.43 | 34.38 | 28.93 | 32.67 | 35.89 | 37.12 | 0.003 |
 Former | 0.63 | 2.68 | 0.00 | 1.33 | 0.48 | 0.67 | |
 Current | 69.94 | 62.95 | 71.07 | 66.00 | 63.64 | 62.21 | |
Physical activity, % | |||||||
 Inactive | 2.28 | 1.34 | 1.38 | 0.67 | 2.87 | 1.34 | 0.24 |
 Minimally active | 27.14 | 25.00 | 30.30 | 24.67 | 34.45 | 28.76 | |
 Active | 70.57 | 73.66 | 68.32 | 74.67 | 62.68 | 69.90 | |
Poor health, % | 60.82 | 58.48 | 56.98 | 59.31 | 61.54 | 64.43 | 0.49 |
Body fat, %, mean (SD) | 21.04 (6.00) | 23.35 (5.26) | 22.47 (6.19) | 24.47 (5.86) | 24.47 (5.57) | 23.01 (5.69) | < 0.001 |
Waist circumference, cm, mean (SD) | 82.30 (8.60) | 86.35 (8.95) | 85.18 (9.13) | 88.07 (8.82) | 88.17 (9.09) | 87.20 (8.66) | < 0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 22.86 (3.08) | 23.97 (3.32) | 23.83 (3.46) | 25.03 (4.34) | 24.66 (3.20) | 24.44 (3.47) | < 0.001 |
Women | Â | ||||||
 Number | 3395 | 487 | 993 | 391 | 558 | 840 |  |
 Fasting glucose, mmol/l, mean (SD) | 4.94 (0.36) | 5.90 (0.27) | 5.10 (0.36) | 6.00 (0.32) | 6.90 (2.14) | 7.69 (2.85) | < 0.001 |
 Post-load glucose, mmol/l, mean (SD) | 6.14 (1.03) | 6.67 (1.18) | 8.91 (0.83) | 9.19 (0.94) | 14.28 (4.11) | 10.98 (5.06) | < 0.001 |
 Age, years, mean (SD) | 63.70 (6.84) | 63.81 (7.10) | 65.80 (6.51) | 66.17 (6.74) | 66.25 (6.61) | 66.64 (6.41) | < 0.001 |
Education, % | |||||||
 Primary or below | 38.47 | 43.33 | 46.83 | 47.83 | 53.23 | 51.90 | < 0.001 |
 Middle school | 54.46 | 52.77 | 46.02 | 44.76 | 40.32 | 41.07 | |
 College or above | 7.07 | 3.90 | 7.15 | 7.42 | 6.45 | 7.02 | |
Smoking status, % | |||||||
 Never | 97.48 | 97.32 | 97.77 | 98.19 | 97.84 | 97.12 | 0.35 |
 Former | 0.98 | 1.44 | 0.81 | 1.29 | 0.90 | 1.92 | |
 Current | 1.54 | 1.24 | 1.42 | 0.52 | 1.26 | 0.96 | |
Alcohol use, % | |||||||
 Never | 45.71 | 51.85 | 46.27 | 47.06 | 49.01 | 57.23 | < 0.001 |
 Former | 0.27 | 0.00 | 0.30 | 0.00 | 0.72 | 0.36 | |
 Current | 54.03 | 48.15 | 53.43 | 52.94 | 50.27 | 42.41 | |
Physical activity, % | |||||||
 Inactive | 2.56 | 0.62 | 2.62 | 3.58 | 2.69 | 2.62 | 0.002 |
 Minimally active | 21.06 | 20.33 | 23.77 | 23.53 | 24.37 | 27.14 | |
 Active | 76.38 | 79.06 | 73.62 | 72.89 | 72.94 | 70.24 | |
Poor health, % | 64.08 | 60.46 | 64.34 | 63.73 | 63.47 | 73.56 | < 0.001 |
Body fat, %, mean (SD) | 31.54 (6.74) | 34.46 (6.74) | 33.14 (6.71) | 36.09 (6.56) | 36.26 (6.66) | 33.47 (6.69) | < 0.001 |
Waist circumference, cm, mean (SD) | 79.69 (8.40) | 82.99 (8.71) | 82.17 (8.57) | 84.95 (8.68) | 85.67 (8.95) | 83.90 (9.27) | < 0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 23.30 (3.50) | 24.47 (3.47) | 24.19 (3.36) | 25.19 (3.23) | 25.53 (3.72) | 24.48 (3.58) | < 0.001 |