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Table 4 Impact of frailty status on worsening disability

From: Frailty as a predictor of future falls and disability: a four-year follow-up study of Chinese older adults

Worsening

Frailty status

Worsening No. (%)

Minimally adjusteda

Fully adjustedb

disability

OR

95% CI

OR

95% CI

ADL

N = 895

210 (23.5)

  

difficulties

Non-frail

26 (18.6)

Ref.

 

Ref.

 
 

Prefrail

134 (21.5)

1.19

[0.75,1.91]

1.03

[0.63,1.67]

 

Frail

50 (37.6)

2.52**

[1.44,4.40]

2.27**

[1.27,4.06]

IADL

N = 1050

206 (19.6)

    

difficulties

Non-frail

32 (15.2)

Ref.

 

Ref.

 
 

Prefrail

133 (19.2)

1.24

[0.81,1.89]

1.21

[0.78,1.88]

 

Frail

41 (27.7)

1.70

[0.99,2.92]

1.63

[0.93,2.86]

  1. Note: a. Age, sex, and marital status were adjusted
  2. b. Urban residence, education, any pension, smoke, drink, self-report diagnosis of diabetes, heart problems, arthritis, stroke, memory-related disease, emotional, nervous, or psychiatric problems, and hypertension, BMI and fall in 2011 were further adjusted
  3. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001