Table 1 Characteristic of study participants

Characteristics

N

4349

3382

3178

895

1050

Frailty phenotype

Non-frail

1564 (36.0)

1398 (41.3)

1325 (41.7)

140 (15.6)

210 (20.0)

Prefrail

2489 (57.2)

1826 (54.0)

1718 (54.1)

622 (69.5)

692 (65.9)

Frail

296 (6.8)

158 (4.7)

135 (4.2)

133 (14.9)

148 (14.1)

Fall 2009 to 2011, No (%)

No

3525 (81.1)

2853 (84.4)

2669 (84.0)

612 (68.4)

753 (71.7)

Yes

824 (18.9)

529 (15.6)

509 (16.0)

283 (31.6)

297 (28.3)

Age, mean (SD)

Age

67.1 (6.0)

66.9 (6.0)

66.6 (5.7)

68.0 (6.2)

68.4 (6.8)

Sex, No (%)

Male

2209 (50.8)

1782 (52.7)

1731 (54.5)

389 (43.5)

415 (39.5)

Female

2140 (49.2)

1600 (47.3)

1447 (45.5)

506 (56.5)

635 (60.5)

Marital Status, No (%)

Unmarried

864 (19.9)

644 (19.0)

573 (18.0)

208 (23.2)

267 (25.4)

Married

3485 (80.1)

2738 (81.0)

2605 (82.0)

687 (76.8)

783 (74.6)

Residence, No (%)

Rural

2898 (66.6)

2175 (64.3)

2034 (64.0)

673 (75.2)

777 (74.0)

Urban

1451 (33.4)

1207 (35.7)

1144 (36.0)

222 (24.8)

273 (26.0)

At least primary education, No (%)

No

2467 (56.7)

1818 (53.8)

1646 (51.8)

599 (66.9)

731 (69.6)

Yes

1882 (43.3)

1564 (46.2)

1532 (48.2)

296 (33.1)

319 (30.4)

Any pension, No (%)

No

2288 (52.6)

1675 (49.5)

1566 (49.3)

582 (65.0)

662 (63.0)

Yes

2061 (47.4)

1707 (50.5)

1612 (50.7)

313 (35.0)

388 (37.0)

Diabetes, No (%)

No

4082 (93.9)

3186 (94.2)

2997 (94.3)

827 (92.4)

967 (92.1)

Yes

267 (6.1)

196 (5.8)

181 (5.7)

68 (7.6)

83 (7.9)

Heart problems, No (%)

No

3711 (85.3)

2921 (86.4)

2748 (86.5)

724 (80.9)

857 (81.6)

Yes

638 (14.7)

461 (13.6)

430 (13.5)

171 (19.1)

193 (18.4)

Arthritis, No (%)

No

2685 (61.7)

2273 (67.2)

2112 (66.5)

374 (41.8)

504 (48.0)

Yes

1664 (38.3)

1109 (32.8)

1066 (33.5)

521 (58.2)

546 (52.0)

Stroke, No (%)

No

4231 (97.3)

3319 (98.1)

3121 (98.2)

842 (94.1)

992 (94.5)

Yes

118 (2.7)

63 (1.9)

57 (1.8)

53 (5.9)

58 (5.5)

Memory-related disease, No (%)

No

4263 (98.0)

3336 (98.6)

3137 (98.7)

858 (95.9)

1011 (96.3)

Yes

86 (2.0)

46 (1.4)

41 (1.3)

37 (4.1)

39 (3.7)

Emotional problems, No (%)

No

4255 (97.8)

3331 (98.5)

3139 (98.8)

854 (95.4)

997 (95.0)

Yes

94 (2.2)

51 (1.5)

39 (1.2)

41 (4.6)

53 (5.0)

Cancer, No (%)

No

4318 (99.3)

3353 (99.3)

3153 (99.4)

883 (99.0)

1036 (99.1)

Yes

31 (0.7)

22 (0.7)

20 (0.6)

9 (1.0)

9 (0.9)

Hypertension, No (%)

No

3029 (69.8)

2411 (71.3)

2265 (71.3)

577 (64.5)

691 (65.8)

Yes

1308 (30.2)

971 (28.7)

913 (28.7)

318 (35.5)

359 (34.2)

Smoker, No (%)

No

2972 (68.3)

2271 (67.1)

2117 (66.6)

658 (73.5)

784 (74.7)

Yes

1377 (31.7)

1111 (32.9)

1061 (33.4)

237 (26.5)

266 (25.3)

Drinker, No (%)

No

2990 (68.8)

2295 (67.9)

2128 (67.0)

648 (72.4)

787 (75.0)

Yes

1359 (31.2)

1087 (32.1)

1050 (33.0)

247 (27.6)

263 (25.0)

BMI, No (%)

Normal

2779 (64.2)

2208 (65.3)

2044 (64.3)

539 (60.2)

669 (63.7)

Underweight

425 (9.8)

326 (9.6)

291 (9.2)

93 (10.4)

120 (11.4)

Overweight

1124 (26.0)

848 (25.1)

843 (26.5)

263 (29.4)

261 (24.9)