Skip to main content

Table 2 Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the risk of osteoporotic fracture associated with PPI use compared to exclusive H2RA use

From: Comparing proton pump inhibitors with histamin-2 receptor blockers regarding the risk of osteoporotic fractures: a nested case-control study of more than 350,000 Korean patients with GERD and peptic ulcer disease

 

Osteoporotic fracture

OR (95% CI)

Cases

Controls

n

(%)

n

(%)

Crude

Adjusteda

Any use

 H2RA use

35,929

(61)

192,458

(65)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

 PPI use

23,311

(39)

103,742

(35)

1.24 (1.22–1.27)

1.11 (1.08–1.13)

Duration of use

 H2RA use

35,929

(61)

192,458

(65)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

  < 30 days

10,715

(17)

51,337

(18)

1.15 (1.13–1.18)

1.08 (1.06–1.11)

 30–59 days

4773

(7)

21,788

(8)

1.22 (1.18–1.26)

1.09 (1.05–1.13)

 60–89 days

2405

(4)

10,408

(4)

1.29 (1.23–1.35)

1.11 (1.06–1.17)

 90–179 days

2747

(4)

11,249

(5)

1.37 (1.31–1.44)

1.13 (1.08–1.19)

 180–364 days

1505

(2)

5417

(3)

1.57 (1.48–1.67)

1.18 (1.11–1.26)

  ≥ 365 days

1166

(1)

3543

(2)

1.88 (1.75–2.01)

1.42 (1.32–1.52)

 P for trend

    

< 0.001

< 0.001

Recent useb

 No recent use

53,019

(90)

274,084

(93)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

 One quarter

3812

(6)

14,123

(5)

1.41 (1.35–1.46)

1.24 (1.19–1.29)

 Two quarters

1156

(2)

4119

(1)

1.47 (1.37–1.57)

1.19 (1.11–1.27)

 Three quarters

564

(1)

1793

(1)

1.64 (1.49–1.81)

1.32 (1.20–1.46)

 All quarters (regular use)

689

(1)

2081

(1)

1.73 (1.59–1.89)

1.37 (1.26–1.50)

 P for trend

    

< 0.001

< 0.001

  1. PPI use was defined as having been prescribed PPI at least once during the follow-up period
  2. Concomitant diseases were defined using the ICD-10 codes and included chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (J44, 45), testicular dysfunction (E29.1), hypothalamic dysfunction (E23.0), hyperthyroidism (E05), hyperparathyroidism (E21), Cushing’s syndrome (E24), hyperprolactinemia (E22.1), vitamin D deficiency (E55.9), idiopathic hypercalciuria (E83.5), diabetes (E11–14 and diabetic agents), anorexia nervosa (F50.0, 50.1), systemic lupus erythematous (M32), hypertension (I10–13, I15, and use of antihypertensive agents), intestinal absorption disorder (K90), inflammatory bowel disease (K50, 51), chronic kidney disease (N18), and secondary amenorrhea (N91.1)
  3. Abbreviations: H2RA histamine-2 receptor antagonist, PPI proton pump inhibitor, Ref. reference
  4. aAdjusted for age, sex, body mass index, alcohol drinking, smoking, physical activity, bisphosphonates, glucocorticoids, anticonvulsants, hormone replacement therapy, warfarin, heparin, antacids, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, benzodiazepines, tricyclic antidepressants, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypothyroidism, hypopituitarism, hyperparathyroidism, Cushing’s syndrome, hyperprolactinemia, vitamin D deficiency, idiopathic hypercalcemia, intestinal absorption disorder, chronic liver disease, rheumatoid arthritis, hyperthyroidism, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, anorexia nervosa, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease, secondary amenorrhea, and hypertensive disease
  5. bThe number of quarters with PPI use during the year prior to fracture was identified. The use of PPI over all quarters was defined as ‘regular use’
Back to article page

BMC Geriatrics

ISSN: 1471-2318

Contact us