Table 1 The ADL performance in older adults living in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region
Number of people | Severe dysfunction N (%) | Moderate dysfunction N (%) | Mild dysfunction N (%) | Live independently N (%) | χ2/Z | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age# (years) | 60 ~ 69 | 505 (48.56%) | 1 (0.20%) | 13 (2.57%) | 43 (8.51%) | 448 (88.71%) | 54.300 | <0.001 |
70 ~ 79 | 406 (39.04%) | 6 (1.48%) | 16 (3.94%) | 49 (12.07%) | 335 (82.51%) | |||
≥80 | 129 (12.40%) | 3 (2.33%) | 16 (12.40%) | 32 (24.81%) | 78 (60.47%) | |||
Sex* | Male | 527 (50.67%) | 5 (0.95%) | 18 (3.42%) | 61 (11.57%) | 443 (84.06%) | −1.169 | 0.242 |
Female | 513 (49.33%) | 5 (0.97%) | 27 (5.26%) | 63 (12.28%) | 418 (81.48%) | |||
Ethnicity* ① | Han nationality | 854 (82.12%) | 6 (0.70%) | 25 (2.93%) | 98 (11.48%) | 725 (84.89%) | −4.152 | <0.001 |
minority | 186 (17.88%) | 4 (2.15%) | 20 (10.75%) | 26 (13.98%) | 136 (73.12%) | |||
Religious beliefs * ② | none | 542 (52.12%) | 4 (0.74%) | 16 (2.95%) | 61 (11.25%) | 461 (85.06%) | −2.146 | 0.032 |
have | 498 (47.88%) | 6 (1.20%) | 29 (5.82%) | 63 (12.65%) | 400 (80.32%) | |||
Educational level# | illiteracy | 299 (28.75%) | 6 (2.01%) | 18 (6.02%) | 32 (10.70%) | 243 (81.27%) | 31.895 | 0.007 |
primary school | 303 (29.13%) | 2 (0.66%) | 12 (3.96%) | 36 (11.88%) | 253 (83.50%) | |||
junior high school | 189 (18.17%) | 1 (0.53%) | 5 (2.65%) | 19 (10.05%) | 164 (86.77%) | |||
Secondary or high school | 108 (10.38%) | 1 (0.93%) | 3 (2.78%) | 13 (12.04%) | 91 (84.26%) | |||
College or undergraduate | 124 (11.92%) | 0 (0.00%) | 3 (2.42%) | 20 (16.13%) | 101 (81.45%) | |||
Postgraduate or above | 17 (1.63%) | 0 (0.00%) | 4 (23.53%) | 4 (23.53%) | 9 (52.94%) | |||
With a spouse* ③ | no | 237 (22.79%) | 2 (0.84%) | 20 (8.44%) | 39 (16.46%) | 176 (74.26%) | −4.029 | <0.001 |
yes | 803 (77.21%) | 8 (1.00%) | 25 (3.11%) | 85 (10.59%) | 685 (85.31%) | |||
Way of living*④ | Living alone | 48 (4.62%) | 2 (4.17%) | 3 (6.25%) | 4 (8.33%) | 39 (81.25%) | −0.421 | 0.674 |
Living with family | 755 (72.60%) | 6 (0.79%) | 22 (2.91%) | 81 (10.73%) | 646 (85.56%) | |||
Economic situation # ⑤ | Very difficult | 42 (4.04%) | 1 (2.38%) | 5 (11.90%) | 8 (19.05%) | 28 (66.67%) | 43.958 | <0.001 |
Slightly difficult | 274 (26.35%) | 5 (1.82%) | 21 (7.66%) | 43 (15.69%) | 205 (74.82%) | |||
Moderate | 443 (42.60%) | 4 (0.90%) | 7 (1.58%) | 48 (10.84%) | 384 (86.68%) | |||
Slightly favorable | 201 (19.33%) | 0(.00%) | 5 (2.49%) | 18 (8.96%) | 178 (88.56%) | |||
Favorable | 80 (7.69%) | 0 (0.00%) | 7 (8.75%) | 7 (8.75%) | 66 (82.50%) | |||
Medical insurance* ⑥ | none | 71 (6.83%) | 0 (0.00%) | 3 (4.23%) | 5 (7.04%) | 63 (88.73%) | −1.348 | 0.178 |
have | 969 (93.17%) | 10 (1.03%) | 42 (4.33%) | 119 (12.28%) | 798 (82.35%) | |||
Body Mass Index# (BMI) ⑦ | <18.5 | 31 (2.98%) | 0 (0.00%) | 4 (12.90%) | 5 (16.13%) | 22 (70.97%) | 10.810 | 0.289 |
18.5–23.9 | 603 (57.98%) | 7 (1.16%) | 20 (3.32%) | 70 (11.61%) | 506 (83.91%) | |||
24–27.9 | 338 (32.50%) | 3 (0.89%) | 19 (5.62%) | 40 (11.83%) | 276 (81.66%) | |||
≥28 | 68 (6.54%) | 0 (0.00%) | 2 (2.94%) | 9 (13.24%) | 57 (83.82%) | |||
Diseases * ⑧ | none | 104 (10.00%) | 2 (1.92%) | 8 (7.69%) | 22 (21.25%) | 72 (69.23%) | −3.855 | <0.001 |
have | 936 (90.00%) | 8 (0.85%) | 37 (3.95%) | 102 (10.90%) | 789 (84.29%) |