Train the brain with music (TBM): brain plasticity and cognitive benefits induced by musical training in elderly people in Germany and Switzerland, a study protocol for an RCT comparing musical instrumental practice to sensitization to music

Table 4 Behavioral Battery (psychometric tests) (measured at all 4 time points: t0: baseline; t1: 6 months; t2: 12 months & t3: 18 months)

BASIC COGNITION
Processing speed & Attention	Digit-symbol	WAIS-IV, Wechsler, 2011 [98]
Short term memory	Forward Digit Span	WAIS IV, Wechsler, 2011
	Backward Digit Span	WAIS IV, Wechsler, 2011
EXECUTIVE CONTROL
- Shifting	Number switch	Zuber et al., 2016 [99]
	Perceptual switch + Prospective Memory	Zuber et al., 2016
- Inhibition	GoDigit -NoGo	Enge et al., 2014 [100]
	Stop-Signal Task	Enge et al., 2014
FLUID INTELLIGENCE
Logical reasoning	Matrices test	WAIS IV, Wechsler, 2011
KNOWLEDGE
Episodic memory	Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test	Bean, 2011 [101]; Rey, 1964 [102]; Helmstaedter et al., 2001 [103]
MUSIC COGNITION
Musical aptitude	GOLD MSI (melody, rhythm) Harmony test (“Pietri”)	Müllensiefen, 2014 [92] Oechslin et al., 2013 [5]
AUDITIVE COGNITION
Speech-in-noise perception	International Matrix Test (Oldenburg)	Kollmeier et al., 2015 [104]
PERCEPTUAL MOTOR SKILL
Visuo-manual aptitude	Purdue Pegboard	Tiffin and Asher, 1948 [105]
Scale playing on keyboard	Scale analysis	Jabusch et al., 2004 [106]
OTHER
WHOQOL-BREF^a	Well-being	WHO, 2014^b
Physical Activity Scale for Elderly	PASE (last two weeks activities)	Washburn, 1993 [107]

ISSN: 1471-2318