Association of sleep duration with risk of all-cause mortality and poor quality of dying in oldest-old people: a community-based longitudinal study

Table 2 Hazard ratio for all-cause mortality according to categories of sleep duration

Daily sleep duration	Death cases/ person-years	Primary analyses, HR (95%CI)		Sensitivity analyses, HR (95%CI)
Daily sleep duration	Death cases/ person-years	Minimally adjusted ^a	Fully Adjusted ^b	Model 1 ^c	Model 2 ^d	Model 3 ^e
< 7 h (short)	2803/12372	1.12 (1.07–1.18)	1.08 (1.03–1.13)	1.09 (1.04–1.15)	1.07 (1.02–1.13)	1.09 (1.02–1.16)
7–9 h (recommended)	4475/21698	1.00 (Reference)	1.00 (Reference)	1.00 (Reference)	1.00 (Reference)	1.00 (Reference)
> 9 h (long)	4304/15631	1.19 (1.14–1.24)	1.12 (1.07–1.17)	1.13 (1.08–1.18)	1.11 (1.06–1.16)	1.09 (1.03–1.16)

HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval
^aCox proportional hazards models were applied, with adjustment for sex and age at baseline
^bAdjusted for age at baseline, sex, region of residence, educational attainment, marital status, primary lifetime occupation, economic condition, regular exercise, current smoking, current drinking, cognitive impairment, functional limitation, depression, cardiovascular disease, stroke, respiratory disease, and cancer
^cFurther included participants who slept less than 3 h or more than 16 h per day
^dFurther adjusted for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity at baseline
^eExcluded deaths that occurred in the first 2 years

ISSN: 1471-2318