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Table 5 “Frail” vs. “Pre-Frail” or “Not Frail” status with multimorbidity category as an independent variable

From: Multimorbidity, physical frailty, and self-rated health in older patients with atrial fibrillation

Multimorbidity Categories

Prevalence

n (%)

Unadjusted

OR (95% CI)

Model 1

OR (95% CI)

Model 2

OR (95% CI)

Model 3

OR (95% CI)

All Multimorbidity

 *0

6 (0.5)

    

 1–4

441 (35.7)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 5–7

460 (37.2)

1.48 (1.14–1.91)

1.36 (1.04–1.77)

1.43 (1.08–1.91)

1.38 (1.03–1.83)

 8 or more

328 (26.6)

1.99 (1.51–2.62)

1.60 (1.20–2.13)

1.72 (1.25–2.37)

1.65 (1.20–2.28)

Cardiometabolic

 *0

22 (1.8)

    

 1–2

390 (31.6)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 3–4

514 (41.6)

1.68 (1.30–2.17)

1.46 (1.12–1.91)

1.38 (1.03–1.84)

1.32 (0.99–1.77)

 5 or more

309 (25.0)

2.09 (1.57–2.79)

1.68 (1.24–2.28)

1.66 (1.19–2.31)

1.58 (1.12–2.21)

Non-Cardiometabolic

 *0

131 (10.6)

    

 1–2

480 (38.9)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 3–4

414 (33.5)

1.26 (0.98–1.63)

1.16 (0.89–1.52)

1.28 (0.96–1.70)

1.25 (0.94–1.66)

 5 or more

210 (17.0)

1.41 (1.04–1.91)

1.26 (0.92–1.73)

1.34 (0.95–1.89)

1.28 (0.90–1.81)

  1. *Participants with 0 comorbidities are not included in the regression models
  2. ORs and 95% Confidence intervals were obtained from ordinal logistic regression models
  3. Model 1: Adjusted for sociodemographic variables: age, sex, race, marital status, highest level of education
  4. Model 2: Adjusted for variables in model 1, clinical variables (symptoms of AF, type of AF, ablation type) and health behaviors (alcohol use and smoking status)
  5. Model 3: Adjusted for variables in model 2 and psychosocial/geriatric measures (low social support, independent functioning, cognitive impairment, hearing impairment, and visual impairment)