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Table 5 Assessment of internal and external validity

From: Components of the transitional care model (TCM) to reduce readmission in geriatric patients: a systematic review

Study ID

Internal validitya

External validityb

Randomization

Allocation concealment

Blinding of outcome Measurement

Incomplete outcome data

Precision of effect estimates

Study design and Setting

Intervention and Control - assessment of performance bias

Outcome measurements, results and evaluation- assessment of detection bias

Indirectness: study population – assessment of selection bias

Directness of body of evidence

Rating of external validity

Clemson 2016 [28]

Low risk

Low risk

Low risk

High risk

+

+

(+)

(+)

(+)

(+)

(+)

López Cabezas 2006 [29]

Low risk

Low risk

High risk

Low risk

(+)

+

(+)

(+)

(+)

(+)

(+)

Rich 1995 [30]

Low risk

Low risk

Low risk

Low risk

(+)

+

(+)

(+)

(+)

(+)

(+)

  1. a The summary assessment of internal validity is presented as a description of the risk of bias in individual domains for each study according to Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. bThe summary assessment of external validity was adapted from the Checklist of Bornhoft and colleagues [44] and it was evaluated as: + Matches completely/is completely fulfilled, (+) Matches incompletely but sufficiently/is only partly but sufficiently fulfilled, − Does not match or matches insufficiently/is insufficiently fulfilled