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Table 1 Characteristics of participants in the self-rated health groups (n = 10,960)

From: Poor self-rated health predicts the incidence of functional disability in elderly community dwellers in Japan: a prospective cohort study

Men (n = 4333)

 

Good (n = 1412)

Rather good (n = 1990)

Neither good nor poor (n = 635)

Poor (n = 296)

P for trend

Age

Age (yr)

71.7 (5.0)

71.7 (4.8)

71.6 (4.8)

72.6 (5.0)

0.307

Anthropometrical examinations

BMI (kg/m2)

23.6 (2.8)

23.7 (2.9)

23.6 (3.1)

23.6 (3.2)

0.901

Blood pressure

SBP (mmHg)

134.8 (20.4)

133.3 (19.0)

134.3 (20.9)

132.0 (19.2)

0.062

DBP (mmHg)

78.3 (10.5)

77.7 (10.4)

78.1 (11.0)

76.4 (10.2)

0.022

Biochemical data

TC (mg/dl)

189.1 (31.0)

189.7 (30.9)

185.6 (31.9)

188.0 (32.4)

0.096

HDLC (mg/dl)

56.2 (15.4)

56.0 (15.2)

56.3 (14.8)

54.3 (15.1)

0.197

Non-HDLC (mg/dl)

132.9 (31.0)

133.7 (30.7)

129.4 (31.8)

133.7 (31.7)

0.022

Hb (g/dl)

14.5 (1.3)

14.4 (1.3)

14.4 (1.3)

14.2 (1.5)

0.014

HbA1c (%)

5.5 (0.7)

5.6 (0.8)

5.6 (0.8)

5.7 (0.9)

< 0.001

eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2)

71.3 (8.7)

70.5 (9.1)

70.3 (9.9)

69.0 (11.4)

< 0.001

Job status

Non-employed or retired

57.5

61.7

66.9

67.9

< 0.001

Educational attainment

≤ 9 yrs

72.7

68.8

68.7

68.2

0.097

10–12 yrs

19.3

22.8

22.8

23.6

 

≥13 yrs

8.1

8.4

8.5

8.1

 

Marital status

Single

8.6

9.9

11.7

12.8

0.005

Smoking status

Never smoker

45.8

40.5

39.7

36.1

0.414

Past smoker

29.2

36.2

36.1

44.3

 

Current smoker

25.0

23.3

24.3

19.6

 

Drinking status

Never drinker

28.3

26.1

22.7

32.4

< 0.001

Past drinker

7.6

10.1

14.6

21.3

 

Drinker < 1 day per week

5.9

7.5

8.0

7.1

 

Drinker 1–4 days per week

16.3

14.5

13.1

11.8

 

Drinker ≥ 5 days per week

41.9

41.8

41.6

27.4

 

Exercise habits

< 1 h per week

70.2

69.9

73.4

79.7

0.006

1–2 h per week

8.1

7.2

6.1

5.4

 

>  2 h per week

21.7

22.9

20.5

14.9

 

Sleep duration

≤ 6 h

8.4

8.8

7.7

9.5

0.049

7–8 h

54.8

52.6

49.4

48.6

 

≥ 9 h

36.8

38.5

42.8

41.9

 

Hypertension

Hypertension

51.9

55.7

58.7

57.1

0.005

Diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus

8.1

11.9

13.5

17.6

< 0.001

Dyslipidemia

Dyslipidemia

27.3

29.4

24.6

35.8

0.164

Interim CV diseases

Interim CV diseases

12.7

11.3

11.5

12.2

0.510

Women (n = 6627)

 

Good (n = 1624)

Rather good (n = 3292)

Neither good nor poor (n = 1143)

Poor (n = 568)

P for trend

Age

Age (yr)

71.1 (4.6)

71.1 (4.5)

71.3 (70.9)

71.4 (4.5)

0.638

Anthropometrical examinations

BMI (kg/m2)

24.3 (3.3)

24.2 (3.4)

24.5 (3.6)

24.5 (3.8)

0.084

Blood pressure

SBP (mmHg)

130.3 (19.4)

131.7 (19.7)

132.2 (20.2)

129.9 (18.7)

0.450

DBP (mmHg)

74.6 (10.4)

75.2 (10.4)

75.2 (10.6)

74.1 (10.4)

0.053

Biochemical data

TC (mg/dl)

209.4 (31.2)

206.9 (30.4)

206.5 (30.8)

205.7 (30.9)

0.004

HDLC (mg/dl)

59.8 (14.2)

59.8 (14.6)

59.7 (14.1)

59.6 (14.1)

0.786

Non-HDLC (mg/dl)

149.7 (31.3)

147.1 (29.8)

146.8 (30.5)

146.1 (30.5)

0.015

Hb (g/dl)

13.0 (1.1)

13.0 (1.1)

12.9 (1.1)

13.0 (1.1)

0.249

HbA1c (%)

5.6 (0.6)

5.6 (0.6)

5.6 (0.7)

5.7 (0.8)

< 0.001

eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2)

71.9 (8.5)

71.9 (8.1)

71.4 (9.0)

70.4 (9.7)

0.001

Job status

Non-employed or retired

28.6

27.0

22.0

19.2

< 0.001

Educational attainment

≤ 9 yrs

79.1

77.7

79.5

82.0

0.139

10–12 yrs

17.5

17.5

17.3

15.3

 

≥13 yrs

3.3

4.7

3.1

2.6

 

Marital status

Single

36.5

36.1

38.6

40.5

0.054

Smoking status

Never smoker

98.3

98.9

99.0

99.6

0.008

Past smoker

0.7

0.4

0.4

0.4

 

Current smoker

0.9

0.7

0.5

0.0

 

Drinking status

Never drinker

88.2

89.5

89.1

88.2

0.537

Past drinker

0.5

0.6

1.1

2.1

 

Drinker < 1 day per week

4.2

3.5

3.5

2.5

 

Drinker 1–4 days per week

4.7

4.4

4.5

4.8

 

Drinker ≥ 5 days per week

2.3

2.0

1.8

2.5

 

Exercise habits

< 1 h per week

78.4

81.8

83.0

85.2

< 0.001

1–2 h per week

8.0

7.4

7.8

8.1

 

>  2 h per week

13.6

10.7

9.2

6.7

 

Sleep duration

≤ 6 h

12.1

12.5

13.6

17.6

0.552

7–8 h

61.9

61.1

56.4

50.9

 

≥ 9 h

25.9

26.5

29.9

31.5

 

Hypertension

Hypertension

48.3

55.8

57.8

60.6

< 0.001

Diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus

6.0

6.6

8.7

11.3

< 0.001

Dyslipidemia

Dyslipidemia

43.2

42.5

42.3

46.3

0.449

Interim CV diseases

Interim CV diseases

6.5

7.4

7.5

6.0

0.888

  1. Abbreviations: BMI body mass index, CV diseases cardiovascular disease, DBP diastolic blood pressure, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, Hb hemoglobin, HbA1c glycosylated hemoglobin, HDLC high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Non-HDLC non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, SBP systolic blood pressure, TC total cholesterol
  2. Continuous variables were expressed as the mean (standard deviation) and Categorical variables were expressed as the proportion
  3. The difference between the variables and the trend were tested by using an analysis of covariance test (continuous variables) or the chi-squared test (categorical variables)
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