Table 2 Performance of Claims-Based Surrogates of Frailty Against Clinical Frailty Assessment in the Health and Retirement Study-Medicare Data
From: Accuracy of diagnosis and health service codes in identifying frailty in Medicare data
Claims-Based Surrogates of Frailtya | Sample Size (%) | Clinical FI Mean (SD) | Clinical Frailty Phenotype | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sensitivity | Specificity | PPV | NPV | |||
Hospital beds and associated supplies | 44 (1.4%) | 0.49 (0.14) | 0.06 | 0.99 | 0.73 | 0.82 |
Pressure ulcer | 39 (1.3%) | 0.43 (0.17) | 0.04 | 0.99 | 0.59 | 0.82 |
Cachexia | < 10 (< 0.3%) | 0.43 (0.11) | 0.01 | > 0.99 | 0.75 | 0.81 |
Wheelchairs, components, and accessories | 63 (2.6%) | 0.41 (0.15) | 0.09 | 0.99 | 0.63 | 0.82 |
Adult failure to thrive | < 10 (< 0.3%) | 0.36 (0.17) | 0.01 | > 0.99 | 0.57 | 0.81 |
Muscle weakness | 164 (5.3%) | 0.34 (0.16) | 0.12 | 0.96 | 0.44 | 0.82 |
Accessories for oxygen delivery devices | 149 (4.8%) | 0.34 (0.16) | 0.11 | 0.97 | 0.44 | 0.82 |
Debility | 50 (1.6%) | 0.34 (0.15) | 0.04 | 0.99 | 0.48 | 0.81 |
Difficulty in walking | 135 (4.4%) | 0.32 (0.15) | 0.10 | 0.97 | 0.44 | 0.82 |
Walking aids and attachments | 130 (4.2%) | 0.32 (0.14) | 0.10 | 0.97 | 0.47 | 0.82 |
History of fall | 56 (1.8%) | 0.31 (0.16) | 0.04 | 0.99 | 0.41 | 0.81 |
Transportation services including ambulance | 300 (9.7%) | 0.31 (0.16) | 0.24 | 0.93 | 0.46 | 0.84 |
Abnormality of gait | 231 (7.5%) | 0.31 (0.15) | 0.18 | 0.95 | 0.45 | 0.83 |
Anorexia | 15 (0.5%) | 0.30 (0.22) | 0.01 | > 0.99 | 0.33 | 0.81 |
Abnormal loss of weight and underweight | 112 (3.6%) | 0.28 (0.16) | 0.08 | 0.97 | 0.44 | 0.82 |
Muscular wasting and disuse atrophy | 23 (0.7%) | 0.28 (0.12) | 0.02 | 0.99 | 0.39 | 0.81 |
Senility without mention of psychosis | < 10 (< 0.3%) | 0.26 (0.21) | < 0.01 | > 0.99 | 0.33 | 0.81 |
Malaise and fatigue | 740 (23.9%) | 0.25 (0.15) | 0.38 | 0.79 | 0.30 | 0.84 |