From: Loneliness as a risk factor for frailty transition among older Chinese people
 | 3 -year period (2008–2011) | 6-year period (2008–2014) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Remaining robust and prefrail | Worsening | Improvement | Remaining frail | Remaining robust and prefrail | Worsening | Improvement | Remaining frail | |
Total | ||||||||
 never | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
 seldom | 0.99 | 1.05 | 1.03 | 1.15 | 0.98 | 1.02 | 0.99 | 2.47** |
(0.87–1.13) | (0.90–1.21) | (0.86–1.23) | (0.76–1.73) | (0.83–1.15) | (0.85–1.22) | (0.77–1.26) | (1.25–4.85) | |
 often | 0.78** | 1.19* | 1.14 | 1.00 | 0.84 | 1.34** | 0.85 | 1.88 |
(0.68–0.91) | (1.01–1.41) | (0.94–1.39) | (0.67–1.51) | (0.70–1.01) | (1.08–1.66) | (0.65–1.12) | (0.93–3.79) | |
Female | ||||||||
 never | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
 seldom | 1.00 | 1.01 | 1.02 | 1.17 | 1.01 | 1.12 | 0.77 | 1.77 |
(0.83–1.21) | (0.82–1.25) | (0.79–1.32) | (0.73–1.87) | (0.80–1.28) | (0.86–1.46) | (0.55–1.08) | (0.83–3.77) | |
 often | 0.85 | 1.04 | 1.07 | 0.96 | 0.94 | 1.20 | 0.78 | 1.40 |
(0.69–1.05) | (0.82–1.32) | (0.82–1.40) | (0.60–1.53) | (0.73–1.21) | (0.89–1.60) | (0.55–1.10) | (0.65–3.02) | |
Male | ||||||||
 never | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
 seldom | 0.99 | 1.08 | 1.03 | 1.35 | 0.96 | 0.92 | 1.28 | 12.68* |
(0.83–1.18) | (0.88–1.33) | (0.80–1.34) | (0.55–3.32) | (0.77–1.20) | (0.71–1.18) | (0.90–1.82) | (1.66–96.71) | |
 often | 0.73** | 1.37* | 1.25 | 1.37 | 0.75* | 1.54** | 0.94 | 8.89 |
(0.59–0.89) | (1.07–1.75) | (0.93–1.68) | (0.58–3.24) | (0.57–0.99) | (1.13–2.11) | (0.61–1.44) | (0.75–105.30) |