Skip to main content

Table 7 Association of household income with home help service utilization and expenditures

From: Association of household income with home-based rehabilitation and home help service utilization among long-term home care service users

 

First part: Home help service utilization (n = 3770)

Second part: Home help service expenditures (n = 1163)

OR

95% CI

P value

RR

95% CI

P value

Household income

 Middle/high income

1.000

   

1.000

   

 Low income

1.432

1.232

1.664

< 0.001

0.888

0.799

0.986

0.026

Age (years)

 62–71

1.000

   

1.000

   

 72–81

1.214

0.933

1.581

0.149

1.005

0.838

1.205

0.960

  ≥ 82

1.080

0.829

1.407

0.567

1.229

1.025

1.475

0.026

Sex

 Male

1.000

   

1.000

   

 Female

1.112

0.946

1.308

0.199

1.166

1.042

1.306

0.008

Dwelling

 Detached house

1.000

   

1.000

   

 Multiple-unit housing

1.443

1.220

1.706

< 0.001

1.238

1.107

1.384

< 0.001

Care needs level

 Care needs level 1

1.000

   

1.000

   

 Care needs level 2

0.930

0.758

1.140

0.483

1.232

1.070

1.419

0.004

 Care needs level 3

0.930

0.724

1.194

0.570

2.075

1.743

2.469

< 0.001

 Care needs level 4

1.260

0.941

1.688

0.121

2.615

2.132

3.209

< 0.001

 Care needs level 5

1.404

0.964

2.044

0.077

3.218

2.504

4.136

< 0.001

Physical function

 Independent (Independent and Level J)

1.000

   

1.000

   

 Mild (Level A)

0.589

0.460

0.753

< 0.001

1.427

1.216

1.676

< 0.001

 Moderate (Level B)

0.690

0.511

0.931

0.015

1.484

1.215

1.812

< 0.001

 Severe (Level C)

0.756

0.508

1.126

0.169

1.666

1.284

2.163

< 0.001

Cognitive function

 Independent (Independent and Rank I)

1.000

   

1.000

   

 Mild (Rank II)

0.857

0.717

1.024

0.089

1.166

1.032

1.316

0.013

 Moderate (Rank III)

0.696

0.564

0.859

0.001

1.223

1.057

1.415

0.007

 Severe (Rank IV and Rank M)

0.615

0.467

0.810

0.001

1.083

0.896

1.309

0.409

Chronic diseases

Cerebrovascular disease

  Absent

1.000

   

1.000

   

  Present

0.949

0.818

1.102

0.494

0.955

0.862

1.058

0.375

Joint disorders

  Absent

1.000

   

1.000

   

  Present

1.170

1.005

1.362

0.043

0.919

0.828

1.020

0.113

Heart disease

  Absent

1.000

   

1.000

   

  Present

1.024

0.877

1.195

0.763

0.973

0.876

1.081

0.609

Parkinson’s disease

  Absent

1.000

   

1.000

   

  Present

1.204

0.905

1.603

0.203

1.127

0.929

1.366

0.225

Long-term care service use

Home-based rehabilitation services

  Non-use

1.000

   

1.000

   

  Use

0.873

0.718

1.061

0.171

0.764

0.667

0.876

< 0.001

Home-visit nursing

  Non-use

1.000

   

1.000

   

  Use

1.943

1.541

2.450

< 0.001

0.809

0.700

0.934

0.004

Type of home help servicea

 Single

    

1.000

   

 Multiple

    

1.621

1.306

2.012

< 0.001

Medical expenditures

 Lower group

1.000

   

1.000

   

 Middle group

1.014

0.848

1.212

0.877

1.066

0.941

1.208

0.315

 Higher group

1.206

1.004

1.448

0.045

1.274

1.124

1.444

< 0.001

C statistic

0.632

(0.613–0.651)

    
  1. First part: multivariate logistic regression analysis; Second part: generalized linear model for gamma-distributed data with a log-link function
  2. a Home help services comprise physical care, daily living support, and support for getting on and off transit vehicles; subjects who were provided only one of these services were categorized as using “single-type” services, and subjects who were provided two or more of these services were categorized as using “multiple-type” services
  3. OR Odds ratio; RR Risk ratio; 95% CI 95% Confidence interval