Home-based rehabilitation services | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-use | Use | Expendituresb, c | ||||
n (%) | n (%) | P valuea | Mean ± SD | Median (IQR) | P valued,e | |
Total | 3089 (81.9) | 681 (18.1) | 786.2 ± 530.5 | 661 (321–1143) | ||
Household income | ||||||
Middle/high income | 1875 (79.8) | 476 (20.2) | < 0.001 | 804.1 ± 533.1 | 681 (324–1169) | 0.156 |
Low income | 1214 (85.6) | 205 (14.4) | 744.4 ± 523.4 | 642 (313–1056) | ||
Age (years) | ||||||
62–71 | 262 (66.3) | 133 (33.7) | < 0.001 | 835.9 ± 550.3 | 753 (326–1247) | 0.496 |
72–81 | 1057 (80.2) | 261 (19.8) | 764.6 ± 527.4 | 626 (321–1082) | ||
≥ 82 | 1770 (86.0) | 287 (14.0) | 782.6 ± 524.3 | 681 (321–1152) | ||
Sex | ||||||
Male | 1010 (76.3) | 313 (23.7) | < 0.001 | 804.9 ± 532.3 | 731 (313–1180) | 0.441 |
Female | 2079 (85.0) | 368 (15.0) | 770.2 ± 529.2 | 641 (322–1111) | ||
Dwelling | ||||||
Detached house | 2376 (80.5) | 576 (19.5) | < 0.001 | 801.6 ± 545.0 | 669 (321–1169) | 0.207 |
Multiple-unit housing | 713 (87.2) | 105 (12.8) | 701.0 ± 435.0 | 596 (321–999) | ||
Care needs level | ||||||
Care needs level 1 | 780 (82.6) | 164 (17.4) | 0.228 | 648.6 ± 347.0 | 601 (331–872) | < 0.001 |
Care needs level 2 | 893 (80.6) | 215 (19.4) | 817.2 ± 389.8 | 754 (385–1115) | ||
Care needs level 3 | 578 (81.2) | 134 (18.8) | 967.7 ± 593.7 | 968 (449–1311) | ||
Care needs level 4 | 466 (85.0) | 82 (15.0) | 827.8 ± 650.5 | 491 (313–1368) | ||
Care needs level 5 | 372 (81.2) | 86 (18.8) | 647.9 ± 591.7 | 324 (235–883) | ||
Physical function | ||||||
Independent (Independent and Level J) | 327 (85.6) | 55 (14.4) | 0.127 | 695.2 ± 389.2 | 648 (420–875) | < 0.001 |
Mild (Level A) | 1584 (82.3) | 341 (17.7) | 826.9 ± 497.5 | 757 (395–1169) | ||
Moderate (Level B) | 817 (80.7) | 195 (19.3) | 811.7 ± 589.6 | 665 (313–1185) | ||
Severe (Level C) | 361 (80.0) | 90 (20.0) | 631.8 ± 564.1 | 350 (235–883) | ||
Cognitive function | ||||||
Independent (Independent and Rank I) | 1074 (74.8) | 361 (25.2) | < 0.001 | 764.2 ± 493.2 | 642 (321–1120) | 0.003 |
Mild (Rank II) | 935 (85.2) | 163 (14.8) | 852.2 ± 550.9 | 798 (391–1256) | ||
Moderate (Rank III) | 705 (86.6) | 109 (13.4) | 854.3 ± 607.2 | 741 (330–1226) | ||
Severe (Rank IV and Rank M) | 375 (88.7) | 48 (11.3) | 571.4 ± 488.6 | 330 (247–648) | ||
Chronic diseases | ||||||
Dementia | ||||||
Present | 951 (89.4) | 113 (10.6) | < 0.001 | 779.1 ± 515.7 | 691 (390–1009) | 0.852 |
Absent | 2138 (79.0) | 568 (21.0) | 787.5 ± 533.8 | 647 (320–1167) | ||
Cerebrovascular disease | ||||||
Present | 1182 (77.3) | 347 (22.7) | < 0.001 | 852.5 ± 532.1 | 754 (374–1244) | < 0.001 |
Absent | 1907 (85.1) | 334 (14.9) | 717.2 ± 520.7 | 557 (313–1016) | ||
Joint disorders | ||||||
Present | 1213 (79.6) | 310 (20.4) | 0.003 | 736.4 ± 492.5 | 635 (313–1102) | 0.047 |
Absent | 1876 (83.5) | 371 (16.5) | 827.7 ± 557.5 | 705 (332–1181) | ||
Heart disease | ||||||
Present | 1014 (81.7) | 227 (18.3) | 0.799 | 740.6 ± 527.3 | 626 (313–1044) | 0.075 |
Absent | 2075 (82.0) | 454 (18.0) | 808.9 ± 531.2 | 709 (324–1169) | ||
Parkinson’s disease | ||||||
Present | 176 (71.3) | 71 (28.7) | < 0.001 | 784.4 ± 513.0 | 697 (313–1169) | 0.980 |
Absent | 2913 (82.7) | 610 (17.3) | 786.3 ± 532.9 | 659 (321–1139) | ||
Home-based rehabilitation services | ||||||
Use | – | – | – | – | – | |
Non-use | – | – | – | – | ||
Home help services | ||||||
Use | 966 (83.1) | 197 (16.9) | 0.231 | 637.7 ± 482.5 | 433 (311–959) | < 0.001 |
Non-use | 2123 (81.4) | 484 (18.6) | 846.5 ± 537.7 | 756 (364–1218) | ||
Home-visit nursing | ||||||
Use | 269 (72.3) | 103 (27.7) | < 0.001 | 504.9 ± 425.8 | 321 (235–642) | < 0.001 |
Non-use | 2820 (83.0) | 578 (17.0) | 836.2 ± 532.0 | 753 (370–1176) | ||
Medical expenditures (USD)b | ||||||
Lower group (≤$142.62) | 1015 (80.7) | 242 (19.3) | 0.178 | 895.1 ± 549.9 | 847 (432–1264) | < 0.001 |
Middle group ($142.63–551.59) | 1025 (81.5) | 232 (18.5) | 774.3 ± 479.0 | 698 (325–1073) | ||
Higher group (≥$551.60) | 1049 (83.5) | 207 (16.5) | 672.0 ± 539.2 | 439 (276–973) |