Table 1 Characteristics of the study population in total, in fallers and non-fallers reported retrospectively in the past year
From: Kidney function and other factors and their association with falls
Variable | All (N = 2256) | No falls past 12 months (N = 1510) | At least 1 fall past 12 months (N = 746) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 79.5 (5.9) | 79.4 (5.5) | 79.6 (6.6) | 0.022 |
Gender (Female), n (%) | 1256 (55.7) | 795 (52.6) | 461 (61.8) | < 0.001 |
Educational level, years | 11.0 (7.0) | 11.0 (7.0) | 11.0 (6.0) | 0.973 |
Living alone, n (%) | 551 (24.4) | 341 (22.6) | 210 (28.2) | 0.004 |
MMSE | 29.0 (3.0) | 29.0 (3.0) | 29.0 (3.0) | 0.212 |
GDS | 2.0 (3.0) | 2.0 (3.0) | 2.0 (3.0) | < 0.001 |
IADL | 2.0 (9.0) | 2.0 (8.0) | 3.0 (11.0) | < 0.001 |
Urinary incontinence (LUTS), n (%) | 653 (28.9) | 390 (25.8) | 263 (35.3) | < 0.001 |
Euro-Qol 5D | ||||
Score | 7.0 (4.0) | 7.0 (3.0) | 8.0 (4.0) | < 0.001 |
"your health today” | 73.0 (20.0) | 75.0 (25.0) | 70.0 (30.0) | < 0.001 |
CIRS-G Total Score | 8.0 (6.0) | 8.0 (6.0) | 8.0 (7.0) | < 0.001 |
Comorbidities | ||||
Hypertension, n (%) | 1733 (76.8) | 1147 (76.0) | 586 (78.6) | 0.170 |
Stroke, n (%) | 131 (5.8) | 68 (4.5) | 63 (8.4) | < 0.001 |
Hip fracture, n (%) | 111 (4.9) | 49 (3.2) | 62 (8.3) | < 0.001 |
Osteoporosis, n (%) | 688 (30.5) | 423 (28.0) | 265 (35.5) | < 0.001 |
Parkinson, n (%) | 45 (2.0) | 25 (1.7) | 20 (2.7) | 0.101 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 568 (25.2) | 369 (24.4) | 199 (26.7) | 0.249 |
Number of medications | 4.0 (8.0) | 4.0 (7.0) | 5.0 (8.0) | < 0.001 |
eGFR (BIS equation) | 0.586 | |||
≥ 60, n (%) | 832 (36.9) | 551 (36.5) | 281 (37.7) | |
< 60, n (%) | 1424 (63.1) | 959 (63.5) | 465 (62.3) | |
< 45, n (%) | 561 (24.9) | 369 (24.2) | 192 (25.7) | 0.862 |
< 30, n (%) | 141 (6.3) | 91 (6.0) | 50 (6.7) | 0.696 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 27.3 (5.7) | 27.3 (5.6) | 27.3 (6.2) | 0.939 |
SPPB Total Score | 9.0 (4.0) | 10.0 (3.0) | 9.0 (5.0) | < 0.001 |
SPPB Balance | < 0.001 | |||
Severe limitation, n (%) | 432 (20.1) | 241 (16.6) | 191 (27.4) | |
Moderate limitation, n (%) | 410 (19.1) | 265 (18.3) | 145 (20.8) | |
No limitation, n (%) | 1307 (60.8) | 946 (65.2) | 361 (51.8) | |
SPPB Gait Speed | < 0.001 | |||
≤ 8.70 s, n (%) | 2040 (92.2) | 1393 (93.7) | 647 (89.0) | |
> 8.70 s, n (%) | 173 (7.8) | 93 (6.3) | 80 (11.0) | |