Variable | All participants (n = 2255) | Group A Low EQoL-VAS 0–50 (n = 487) | Group B Intermediate EQoL-VAS 51–75 (n = 784) | Group C High EQoL-VAS 76–100 (n = 984) | p-value | post hoc |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ADL dependent or intensive assistance > = 1 | 107 (4.8) | 50 (10.3) | 33 (4.2) | 24 (2.4) | <  0.001 | a vs. b |
a vs. c | ||||||
b vs c | ||||||
IADL dependent or intensive assistance > = 1 | 993 (44.1) | 251 (51.9) | 329 (42.0) | 413 (42.0) | <  0.001 | a vs. b |
a vs. c | ||||||
b vs. c | ||||||
SPPB total score (avarge ± SD) | 9 (4) | 7 (6) | 9 (4) | 10 (3) | <  0.001 | a vs b |
a vs c | ||||||
SPPB Balance score | ||||||
 Held SBS < 10 s and held 10 s SBS but unable ST as severe balance limitation | 432 (20.1) | 151 (34.0) | 148 (20.0) | 133 (13.8) | <  0.001 | a vs. b |
 Moderate limitation Held ST for 10 s und held FT till 9 s. | 410 (19.1) | 99 (22.3) | 143 (19.3) | 168 (17.4) | ||
 No limitation: hold FT for 10 s. | 1307 (60.8) | 194 (43.7) | 450 (60.7) | 663 (68.8) | a vs. c | |
b vs. c | ||||||
SPPB gait score | ||||||
  < 4.82 s | 1138 (50.5) | 157 (32.2) | 372 (47.4) | 609 (61.9) | <  0.001 | a vs. b |
 4.82–8.7 s | 902 (40.0) | 224 (46.0) | 348 (44.4) | 330 (33.5) | ||
a vs. c | ||||||
  > 8.70 s and Unable | 215 (9.5) | 106 (21.8) | 64 (8.2) | 45 (4.6) | ||
b vs. c | ||||||
5-sit to stand score | ||||||
  ≤ 11.19 s | 654 (32.2) | 62 (16.5) | 222 (31.2) | 370 (39.2) | <  0.001 | a vs. b |
 11.20–16.69 s | 924 (45.5) | 163 (43.4) | 318 (44.7) | 443 (46.9) | ||
a vs. c | ||||||
  > 16.70 s and > 60 s or unable | 454 (22.3) | 151 (40.2) | 171 (24.1) | 132 (14.0) | ||
b vs. c | ||||||
Hand grip strength (avarge ± SD) | 21.0 (12.8) | 19.4 (8.3) | 22.9 (9.3) | 24.1 (9.2) | <  0.001 | a vs. b |
a vs. c | ||||||
b vs. c | ||||||
GDS score (avarge ± SD) | 2 (3) | 4 (4) | 2 (3) | 1 (3) | <  0.001 | a vs. b |
a vs. c | ||||||
GDS > 5 | 316 (14.0) | 152 (31.2) | 104 (13.3) | 60 (6.1) | <  0.001 | a vs. b |
a vs. c | ||||||
b vs. c | ||||||
MMSE score (avarge ± SD) | 29 (3) | 28 (4) | 29 (3) | 29 (3) | <  0.001 | a vs. b |
a vs. c | ||||||
MMSE < 24 | 159 (7.1) | 50 (10.3) | 46 (5.9) | 63 (6.4) | 0.007 | a vs. b |
a vs. c | ||||||
b vs. c | ||||||
Fall at the past 12 months | 746 (33.1) | 207 (42.5) | 267 (34.1) | 272 (27.6) | <  0.001 | a vs. b |
a vs. c | ||||||
b vs. c |