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Table 3 Physical, cognitive and emotional status according to the EQoL-VAS category

From: Impaired kidney function is associated with lower quality of life among community-dwelling older adults

Variable

All participants (n = 2255)

Group A Low EQoL-VAS 0–50 (n = 487)

Group B Intermediate EQoL-VAS 51–75 (n = 784)

Group C High EQoL-VAS 76–100 (n = 984)

p-value

post hoc

ADL dependent or intensive assistance > = 1

107 (4.8)

50 (10.3)

33 (4.2)

24 (2.4)

<  0.001

a vs. b

a vs. c

b vs c

IADL dependent or intensive assistance > = 1

993 (44.1)

251 (51.9)

329 (42.0)

413 (42.0)

<  0.001

a vs. b

a vs. c

b vs. c

SPPB total score (avarge ± SD)

9 (4)

7 (6)

9 (4)

10 (3)

<  0.001

a vs b

a vs c

SPPB Balance score

 Held SBS < 10 s and held 10 s SBS but unable ST as severe balance limitation

432 (20.1)

151 (34.0)

148 (20.0)

133 (13.8)

<  0.001

a vs. b

 Moderate limitation Held ST for 10 s und held FT till 9 s.

410 (19.1)

99 (22.3)

143 (19.3)

168 (17.4)

 No limitation: hold FT for 10 s.

1307 (60.8)

194 (43.7)

450 (60.7)

663 (68.8)

a vs. c

b vs. c

SPPB gait score

  < 4.82 s

1138 (50.5)

157 (32.2)

372 (47.4)

609 (61.9)

<  0.001

a vs. b

 4.82–8.7 s

902 (40.0)

224 (46.0)

348 (44.4)

330 (33.5)

a vs. c

  > 8.70 s and Unable

215 (9.5)

106 (21.8)

64 (8.2)

45 (4.6)

b vs. c

5-sit to stand score

  ≤ 11.19 s

654 (32.2)

62 (16.5)

222 (31.2)

370 (39.2)

<  0.001

a vs. b

 11.20–16.69 s

924 (45.5)

163 (43.4)

318 (44.7)

443 (46.9)

a vs. c

  > 16.70 s and > 60 s or unable

454 (22.3)

151 (40.2)

171 (24.1)

132 (14.0)

b vs. c

Hand grip strength (avarge ± SD)

21.0 (12.8)

19.4 (8.3)

22.9 (9.3)

24.1 (9.2)

<  0.001

a vs. b

a vs. c

b vs. c

GDS score (avarge ± SD)

2 (3)

4 (4)

2 (3)

1 (3)

<  0.001

a vs. b

a vs. c

GDS > 5

316 (14.0)

152 (31.2)

104 (13.3)

60 (6.1)

<  0.001

a vs. b

a vs. c

b vs. c

MMSE score (avarge ± SD)

29 (3)

28 (4)

29 (3)

29 (3)

<  0.001

a vs. b

a vs. c

MMSE < 24

159 (7.1)

50 (10.3)

46 (5.9)

63 (6.4)

0.007

a vs. b

a vs. c

b vs. c

Fall at the past 12 months

746 (33.1)

207 (42.5)

267 (34.1)

272 (27.6)

<  0.001

a vs. b

a vs. c

b vs. c

  1. NOTE. Values are mean ± SD for continuous normal distributions, n (%) for categorical variables, and median (interquartile range) for not normal distributions
  2. Abbreviations: NS, not significance; ADL, activities of daily living; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; iADL, instrumental activities of daily living; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; SPPB, Short Physical performance Battery