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Fig. 2 | BMC Geriatrics

Fig. 2

From: Association between change in lifestyle and cognitive functions among elderly Koreans: findings from the Korean longitudinal study of aging (2006–2016)

Fig. 2

Results of subgroup analysis of the four lifestyle factors by sex. The results show the association between lifestyle change and cognitive function over two years. Statistically significant, *p < .05 ** < .01 *** < .0001. †The frequency is zero and cannot be calculated. ‡Cognitive function was measured using the K-MMSE. K-MMSE = Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (score of 0–30). The following variables were included as covariates in every lifestyle analysis: age, economic activity status, region, marital status, living arrangement, educational level, household income, participation in social activities, chronic disease, depression, disability status, survey year; and the four lifestyles were added as covariates to each other’s analysis (exercise: body weight, drinking status, and smoking status was added as covariates; body weight: exercise, drinking status, and smoking status was added as covariates; drinking status: exercise, body weight, smoking status; smoking status: exercise, body weight, drinking status was added as covariates)

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