Skip to main content

Table 3 Summary of included Cohort studies examined the relationship between Kinematic Functional Parameters and an incident MCI

From: Functional parameters indicative of mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review using instrumented kinematic assessment

Study (first author and year)

Study Design

Study Characteristics (groups, number of participants, mean age)

MCI Diagnostic Criteria

Instrumented Functional Assessment

Instrument

Data Collection (follow-up)

Main results in MCI

Byun et al. [70], 2018.

Prospective cohort study.

Healty: n = 91. 67.3 years old.

Not diagnosis MCI at baseline:

CDR = 0 [46].

MMSE > 24 [49].

Winblad Criteria [13] for diagnosis of MCI.

Walking at usual pace (20 m).

Tri-axial accelerometer (FITMETER®)

at the level of the 3rd–4th lumbar vertebra.

(T1) at baseline;

(T2) 2 years;

(T3) median duration was 47.1 months.

↑Gait variability was a significant predictor of MCI (HR = 11.97, 95% CI = 1.29–111.37)***.

Gait speed was slightly associated with incident MCI risk (HR = 5.04, 95% CI = 0.53–48.18) **.

Akl et al. [71], 2015.

Longitudinal study (trajectory with time window vector machines and random forests).

Older adults: n = 97. NS, 70 years old and + .

Cognitively Healthy:

- CDR < 0.5 [46].

- MMSE > 24 [49].

MCI:

- CDR = 0.5 [46].

- MMSE > 24 [49].

Walking speed and general activity in the home. Visitors and absences from the home.

Motion sensors and wireless contact switches placed in the home.

(T1) at baseline;

(T2) one year;

(T3) two years;

(T4) three years.

Trajectories of weekly gait speed, COV of the gait speed, COV of the morning and evening gait speeds could detect MCI in older adults.

Akl et al. [72], 2015.

Longitudinal study (linear regression).

Older adults: n = 15. NS, 70 years old and + .

Cognitively Healthy:

-CDR < 0.5 [46].

MCI:

-CDR = 0.5 [46].

Walking speed in home.

Motion

sensors on the ceiling in areas such as a hallway or a corridor.

(T1) at baseline;

(T2) one year;

(T3) two years;

(T4) three years.

Gait speed distributions was different in the subjects when cognitively intact and when having MCI.

Transitioning to MCI, daily activities were less distinguishable and often occurred later.

Buchman et al. [73], 2019.

Longitudinal cohort study.

Older adults: n = 1249. 80.0 years old.

MCI:

- MMSE > 24 [49].

Walking at their self-selected Speed (10 m).

TUG.

Standing Posture with closed eyes.

Wearable sensor on the lower back.

(T1) at baseline;

(T2) during 3.6 years.

↓ Cadence and regularity were associated with incident MCI **.

Gait speed and gait variability were not associated with incident MCI *.

  1. MCI Mild cognitive impairment, CDR Clinical Dementia Rating score, MMSE Mini-mental State Examination, HR Cox proportional Hazard, CI Confidence Interval, NS Not Specified, COV Coefficient of variation
  2. ↑Higher. ↓Decreased
  3. *p > 0.05. **p < 0.05. ***p < 0.001