Study (first author and year) | Study Design | Study Characteristics (groups, number of participants, mean age) | MCI Diagnostic Criteria | Instrumented Functional Assessment | Instrument | Data Collection (follow-up) | Main results in MCI |
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Byun et al. [70], 2018. | Prospective cohort study. | Healty: n = 91. 67.3 years old. | Not diagnosis MCI at baseline: CDR = 0 [46]. MMSE > 24 [49]. Winblad Criteria [13] for diagnosis of MCI. | Walking at usual pace (20 m). | Tri-axial accelerometer (FITMETER®) at the level of the 3rd–4th lumbar vertebra. | (T1) at baseline; (T2) 2 years; (T3) median duration was 47.1 months. | ↑Gait variability was a significant predictor of MCI (HR = 11.97, 95% CI = 1.29–111.37)***. Gait speed was slightly associated with incident MCI risk (HR = 5.04, 95% CI = 0.53–48.18) **. |
Akl et al. [71], 2015. | Longitudinal study (trajectory with time window vector machines and random forests). | Older adults: n = 97. NS, 70 years old and + . | Cognitively Healthy: - CDR < 0.5 [46]. - MMSE > 24 [49]. MCI: - CDR = 0.5 [46]. - MMSE > 24 [49]. | Walking speed and general activity in the home. Visitors and absences from the home. | Motion sensors and wireless contact switches placed in the home. | (T1) at baseline; (T2) one year; (T3) two years; (T4) three years. | Trajectories of weekly gait speed, COV of the gait speed, COV of the morning and evening gait speeds could detect MCI in older adults. |
Akl et al. [72], 2015. | Longitudinal study (linear regression). | Older adults: n = 15. NS, 70 years old and + . | Cognitively Healthy: -CDR < 0.5 [46]. MCI: -CDR = 0.5 [46]. | Walking speed in home. | Motion sensors on the ceiling in areas such as a hallway or a corridor. | (T1) at baseline; (T2) one year; (T3) two years; (T4) three years. | Gait speed distributions was different in the subjects when cognitively intact and when having MCI. Transitioning to MCI, daily activities were less distinguishable and often occurred later. |
Buchman et al. [73], 2019. | Longitudinal cohort study. | Older adults: n = 1249. 80.0 years old. | MCI: - MMSE > 24 [49]. | Walking at their self-selected Speed (10 m). TUG. Standing Posture with closed eyes. | Wearable sensor on the lower back. | (T1) at baseline; (T2) during 3.6 years. | ↓ Cadence and regularity were associated with incident MCI **. Gait speed and gait variability were not associated with incident MCI *. |