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Table 5 Consequences of undignified continence care

From: A concept analysis of dignity-protective continence care for care dependent older people in long-term care settings

For residents and/or family members

For care staff

For organizations

Vulnerability and threats to social integrity [33]

Feeling like a child [21, 74]

Feeling like a burden or a nuisance [21]

Feeling degraded [78]

Feeling unclean/dirty [21, 32, 72, 73]

Being embarrassed [21, 23, 68, 74, 75, 78]

Feeling ashamed and humiliated, leading to loss of personhood [21, 23, 32, 68, 72, 73, 75]

Being anxious, afraid, distressed, agitated [30, 32, 33, 69, 70, 72, 73, 75, 77, 79]

Feeling stigmatised [69, 70, 77]

Low self-esteem [71, 74]

Self-imposed isolation [80]

Resistance to care [30, 33, 74]

Concerns about odour [78]

Being ethically compromised & morally distressed [33, 71, 72]

Feeling stressed, burnt-out, emotionally burdened [30, 33, 79]

Feeling devalued in continence care role & subject to low occupational esteem [30, 32, 69]

Negative emotions (i.e. disgust, frustration, resentment) [30, 33]

Being at risk of internalising stigma [21, 30, 32]

High staff turnover [69, 70, 77, 79]

Financial implications [68]

Low staff morale [69, 70, 77]

Less likely to report undignified care [21]

Coercive abuseive or neglectful continence care [33]-

Odour of incontinence (if poorly managed) [71]