Table 1 Prevalence of potentially inappropriate medications in elderly (≥70 years) MDD users in Norway
From: Potentially inappropriate prescribing to older patients receiving multidose drug dispensing
Study population (n = 45,593) | Female (n = 30,090) | Male (n = 15,503) | Age 70–79 (n = 11,435) | Age 80–89 (n = 21,633) | Age 90+ (n = 12,525) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NORGEP single substance criteria | n | ‰ | n | ‰ | n | ‰ | n | ‰ | n | ‰ | n | ‰ |
1. Amitriptyline | 848 | 19 | 639 | 21 | 209 | 13 | 312 | 27 | 381 | 18 | 155 | 12 |
2. Doxepin | 61 | 1 | 44 | 1 | 17 | 1 | 17 | 1 | 25 | 1 | 19 | 2 |
3. Clomipramine | 74 | 2 | 64 | 2 | 10 | 1 | 31 | 3 | 33 | 2 | 10 | 1 |
4. Trimipramine | 162 | 4 | 120 | 4 | 42 | 3 | 60 | 5 | 69 | 3 | 33 | 3 |
5. Chlorpromazine (withdrawn from Norw. market 2007) | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
6. Chlorprothixene | 387 | 8 | 234 | 8 | 153 | 10 | 222 | 19 | 130 | 6 | 35 | 3 |
7. Levomepromazine | 391 | 9 | 255 | 8 | 136 | 9 | 195 | 17 | 140 | 6 | 56 | 4 |
8. Prochlorperazine | 288 | 6 | 230 | 8 | 58 | 4 | 59 | 5 | 133 | 6 | 96 | 8 |
9. Diazepam | 2911 | 64 | 2175 | 72 | 736 | 47 | 1011 | 88 | 1269 | 59 | 631 | 50 |
10. trazepam | 839 | 18 | 595 | 20 | 244 | 16 | 227 | 20 | 342 | 16 | 270 | 22 |
11. Flunitrazepam | 15 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 7 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
12. Oxazepam > 30 mg/24 h | 335 | 7 | 253 | 8 | 82 | 5 | 179 | 16 | 116 | 5 | 40 | 3 |
13. Zopiclone > 7.5 mg/24 h | 142 | 3 | 98 | 3 | 44 | 3 | 65 | 6 | 52 | 2 | 25 | 2 |
14. Carisoprodol (withdrawn from Norw. market 2008) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
15. Dextropropoxyphene (withdrawn from Norw. market 2009) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
16. Theophylline | 107 | 2 | 68 | 2 | 39 | 3 | 45 | 4 | 50 | 2 | 12 | 1 |
17. Sotalol | 210 | 5 | 133 | 4 | 77 | 5 | 30 | 3 | 116 | 5 | 64 | 5 |
18. Dexchlorpheniramine | 64 | 1 | 42 | 1 | 22 | 1 | 20 | 2 | 26 | 1 | 18 | 1 |
19. Promethazine | 85 | 2 | 54 | 2 | 31 | 2 | 31 | 3 | 35 | 2 | 19 | 2 |
20. Hydroxyzine | 766 | 17 | 472 | 16 | 294 | 19 | 252 | 22 | 306 | 14 | 208 | 17 |
21. Alimemazine/ trimeprazine | 964 | 21 | 634 | 21 | 330 | 21 | 419 | 37 | 395 | 18 | 150 | 12 |
NORGEP combination criteria | ||||||||||||
22. Warfarin + NSAID | 36 | 1 | 23 | 1 | 13 | 1 | 8 | 1 | 19 | 1 | 9 | 1 |
23. Warfarin + ofloxacin/ ciprofloxacin | NOT ANALYZED: ANTIBIOTICS ARE NOT INCLUDED ON THE MDD PRESCRIPTIONS | |||||||||||
24. Warfarin + erythromycin/ clarithromycin | NOT ANALYZED: ANTIBIOTICS ARE NOT INCLUDED ON THE MDD PRESCRIPTIONS | |||||||||||
25. Warfarin + SSRI | 348 | 8 | 229 | 8 | 119 | 8 | 83 | 7 | 183 | 8 | 82 | 7 |
26. NSAID + ACE inhibitor/ARB | 573 | 13 | 407 | 14 | 166 | 11 | 195 | 17 | 270 | 12 | 108 | 9 |
27. NSAID + diuretics | 633 | 14 | 454 | 15 | 179 | 12 | 181 | 16 | 272 | 13 | 180 | 14 |
28. NSAID + glucocorticoids | 206 | 5 | 160 | 5 | 46 | 3 | 68 | 6 | 98 | 5 | 40 | 3 |
29. NSAID + SSRI | 370 | 8 | 309 | 10 | 61 | 4 | 139 | 12 | 174 | 8 | 57 | 5 |
30. Erythromycin/ clarithromycin + statin | NOT ANALYZED: ANTIBIOTICS ARE NOT INCLUDED ON THE MDD PRESCRIPTIONS | |||||||||||
31. ACE inhibitor+ potassium /potassium-sparing diuretic | 1035 | 23 | 625 | 21 | 410 | 26 | 324 | 28 | 457 | 21 | 254 | 20 |
32. Fluoxetine/ fluvoxamine + TCA | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
33. Beta blocker + cardioselective calcium antagonist | 147 | 3 | 107 | 4 | 40 | 3 | 28 | 2 | 67 | 3 | 52 | 4 |
34. Diltiazem + lovastatin/ simvastatin | 34 | 1 | 22 | 1 | 12 | 1 | 13 | 1 | 15 | 1 | 6 | 0 |
35. Erythromycin/clarithromycin + carbamazepine | NOT ANALYZED: ANTIBIOTICS ARE NOT INCLUDED ON THE MDD PRESCRIPTIONS | |||||||||||
36. Concomitant prescription of three or more drugs from the groups centrally acting analgesics, antipsychotics, antidepressants, and/or benzodiazepines | 4906 | 108 | 3775 | 125 | 1131 | 73 | 1959 | 171 | 2047 | 95 | 900 | 72 |