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Table 4 Average anticholinergic burden in CFAS I and CFAS II, by age, sex, cognition and disability

From: Increasing prevalence of anticholinergic medication use in older people in England over 20 years: cognitive function and ageing study I and II

Population

Mean ACB sum (95% CI)

Adjusted rate ratio for CFAS II vs CFAS Ia

CFAS I

CFAS II

Rate ratio (95% CI)

pb

Overall

0.99 (0.96, 1.03)

1.11 (1.08, 1.15)

1.12 (1.07, 1.17)

< 0.001

By sex

 Male

0.91 (0.86, 0.95)

0.96 (0.92–1.01)

1.00

0.01

 Female

1.05 (1.01, 1.09)

1.23 (1.18–1.28)

1.12 (1.03, 1.23)

 

By age, years

 64–69

0.87 (0.81, 0.92)

0.81 (0.75–0.87)

1.00

< 0.001

 70–74

0.97 (0.91, 1.04)

1.10 (1.03–1.66)

1.21 (1.05, 1.38)

 

 75–79

1.09 (1.02, 1.15)

1.26 (1.18–1.34)

1.24 (1.09, 1.42)

 

 80–84

1.12 (1.04, 1.20)

1.28 (1.19–1.36)

1.22 (1.06, 1.41)

 

 85–89

1.07 (0.95, 1.18)

1.37 (1.25–1.49)

1.39 (1.17, 1.66)

 

 90+

0.97 (0.77, 1.17)

1.36 (1.17–1.54)

1.53 (1.17, 1.99)

 

By cognition

 MMSE ≤21

1.29 (1.13, 1.46)

1.32 (1.13, 1.52)

1.00

0.03

 MMSE 22–25

1.09 (1.02, 1.16)

1.38 (1.28, 1.48)

1.11 (0.94, 1.31)

 

 MMSE 26–30

0.93 (0.89, 0.97)

1.04 (1.01, 1.09)

0.97 (0.83, 1.13)

 

By disability

 No impairment

0.76 (0.72, 0.79)

0.85 (0.81, 0.89)

1.00

0.91

 IADL impairment

1.51 (1.40, 1.61)

1.64 (1.54, 1.74)

1.02 (0.92, 1.13)

 

 ADL impairment

1.85 (1.71, 1.99)

1.88 (1.74, 2.03)

1.02 (0.91, 1.14)

 
  1. Prevalence (95% confidence interval) displayed, weighted for nonresponse and standardised by the UK 2011 age population, with missing cases excluded
  2. Abbreviations: ACB Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden scale, CFAS Cognitive Function and Ageing Studies, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, ADL activities of daily living, IADL instrumental activities of daily living
  3. aAdjusted for age, sex and centre
  4. bGlobal test for the interaction between the covariate and ratio of total anticholinergic burden between CFAS I and CFAS II