Table 2 Recovery Step Kinematics for Non-Fallers, One-Time Fallers, and Recurrent-Fallers in (A) the Single-Step Threshold Trial. Note: 83 participants who reached their own single-step threshold levels were analyzed; and (B) the Multiple-Step Threshold Trial. Note: 65 participants who reached their multiple-step threshold levels were analyzed (see text for elaboration)

Non-Fallers (N = 51)

One-Time Fallers (N = 20)

Recurrent Fallers (N = 12)

p-value

First recovery Step

Step initiation duration (ms)

337 ± 88

340 ± 80

441 ± 95

NF- OF: 0.992

NF- RF: 0.001

OF- RF: 0.003

Step duration (ms)

637 ± 99

695 ± 82

784 ± 157

NF- OF: 0.059

NF- RF: 0.001

OF- RF: 0.033

Step length (cm)

5.8 ± 3.0

7.0 ± 3.4

9.6 ± 11.1

NF- RF: 0.091

eCoM path displacement (cm)

5.8 ± 1.9

5.5 ± 2.1

8.1 ± 2.1

NF- OF: 0.678

NF- RF: 0.002

OF- RF: 0.003

Non-Fallers (N = 38)

One-Time Fallers (N = 17)

Recurrent Fallers (N = 10)

p-value

Kinematic of Total balance recovery

Recovery duration (ms)

1196 ± 246

1261 ± 394

1519 ± 324

NF- OF: 0.483

NF- RF: 0.009

OF- RF: 0.056

Recovery step path length (cm)

32.5 ± 22.2

36.4 ± 26.3

44.6 ± 9.6

0.341

Total eCoM path displacement (cm)

15.3 ± 9.7

14.9 ± 9.0

25.7 ± 11.4

NF- OF: 0.906

NF- RF: 0.007

OF- RF: 0.012

Number of steps in the Multiple-Step threshold trial

2.31 ± 0.1

2.35 ± 0.1

2.7 ± 0.2

0.198