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Table 3 Associations of baseline health behaviours and body mass index with all-cause, and cause-specific mortality, the CHAMP study

From: Socioeconomic status, health-related behaviours, and death among older people: the Concord health and aging in men project prospective cohort study

 

All-cause mortality

CVD-mortality

Cancer-mortality

Other-mortality a

n

HR b

(95% CI)

n

SHR b

(95% CI)

n

SHR b

(95% CI)

n

SHR b

(95% CI)

Alcohol consumption

 Abstainer (n = 353)

202

Ref.

54

Ref.

54

Ref.

64

Ref.

 Moderate drinker (n = 1053)

520

0.87 (0.74 to 1.02)

123

0.91 (0.66 to 1.26)

150

0.94 (0.69 to 1.30)

138

0.79 (0.58 to 1.06)

 Heavy drinker (n = 121)

61

0.97 (0.73 to 1.30)

20

1.50 (0.88 to 2.55)

11

0.58 (0.30 to 1.13)

16

0.83 (0.47 to 1.45)

Smoking

 Non-smoker (n = 562)

269

Ref.

82

Ref.

62

Ref.

63

Ref.

 Ex-smoker (n = 873)

454

1.20 (1.03 to 1.40)

103

0.82 (0.61 to 1.10)

133

1.41 (1.04 to 1.91)

139

1.55 (1.14 to 2.09)

 Current smoker (n = 92)

60

2.14 (1.61 to 2.85)

12

1.10 (0.57 to 2.10)

20

2.24 (1.34 to 3.75)

16

2.09 (1.20 to 3.64)

Physical activity

 Active (n = 1161)

530

Ref.

120

Ref.

161

Ref.

132

Ref.

 Inactive (n = 366)

253

1.63 (1.39 to 1.90)

77

1.53 (1.14 to 2.07)

54

1.03 (0.75 to 1.43)

86

1.77 (1.31 to 2.39)

BMI categories

 Underweight/normal (n = 370)

224

Ref.

67

Ref.

51

Ref.

72

Ref.

 Overweight (n = 748)

374

0.80 (0.68 to 0.94)

95

0.78 (0.57 to 1.08)

99

0.97 (0.69 to 1.38)

99

0.75 (0.55 to 1.03)

 Obese (n = 409)

185

0.79 (0.65 to 0.96)

35

0.62 (0.40 to 0.95)

65

1.22 (0.83 to 1.79)

47

0.74 (0.51 to 1.08)

  1. N = 1527. Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; SHR, sub-hazard ratio; BMI, body mass index
  2. We used calendar year as the time scale, with survivors having a censoring date of 31 December 2017 (person years follow-up = 13,814) for all-cause mortality and with survivors having a censoring date of 31 December 2015 (person years follow-up = 12,180) for cause-specific mortality
  3. a Indicates non-cardiovascular disease and non-cancer mortality
  4. b Adjusted for age, country of birth, and living arrangement