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Table 1 Overview of Participant Characteristics and Test Resultsi

From: Dual-task tests discriminate between dementia, mild cognitive impairment, subjective cognitive impairment, and healthy controls – a cross-sectional cohort study

Characteristic

Total Sample (N = 464)

Dementia Disorders (n = 86)

MCI (n = 135)

SCI (n = 77)

Healthy Controls (n = 166)

Age, years, mean +/− SD

71 +/− 10

76 +/−  8

73 +/−  9

67 +/−  9

70 +/− 11

(Min.-max.)

(39–94)

(55–94)

(49–91)

(39–85)

(50–91)

Female, n (%)

217 (47)

37 (43)

59 (44)

36 (47)

85 (51)

Married or cohabiting, n (%)

317 (68)

60 (70)

88 (65)

51 (66)

118 (71)

University educated, n (%)

241 (52)

32 (37)

55 (41)

33 (43)

121 (73)

Clinical Cognitive Test Resulta

 MMSE, score

28 (25–29)

22 (20–25)

26 (24–28)

29 (28–30)

29 (29–30)

 Clock Drawing testb, score

7 (6–7)

4 (2–6)

7 (6–7)

7 (7–7)

7 (7–7)

 Verbal Fluency testc, score

19 (13–24)

11 (8–14)

15 (12–19)

21 (17–25)

24 (20–29)

 TMT Ad, passede, n (%)

441 (97)

73 (87)

131 (99)

72 (100)

165 (99)

 TMT Bf, passede, n (%)

305 (68)

12 (15)

70 (53)

68 (92)

155 (93)

TUG Test Results

 TUG single-task, s

11.5 (9.9–14.0)

14.9 (12.5–16.9)

12.6 (11.0–14.8)

10.9 (9.7–12.4)

10.1 (9.0–11.4)

  (Min.-max.)

(6.1–29.9)

(7.9–28.5)

(7.4–29.9)

(7.9–26.5)

(6.1–24.1)

 TUGdt NAg, s

13.2 (10.7–16.1)

16.7 (13.7–20.2)

13.9 (11.8–16.7)

12.1 (10.6–15.0)

11.0 (9.8–13.8)

  (Min.-max.)

(5.8–40.0)

(8.9–40.0)

(7.4–35.4)

(8.0–28.3)

(5.8–26.7)

 TUGdt MBh, s

13.3 (10.9–16.7)

17.4 (14.4–22.2)

14.2 (12.3–18.1)

12.4 (10.9–15.0)

11.1 (9.6–14.0)

  (Min.-max.)

(6.1–55.0)

(9.4–55.0)

(7.4–44.4)

(8.0–28.9)

(6.1–25.8)

 TUGdt NAg cost, %

11.3 (3.3–21.7)

13.1 (3.3–26.3)

11.3 (2.9–19.0)

11.7 (4.7–16.5)

9.9 (2.7–23.0)

  (Min.-max.)

(−18.7–148.7)

(− 10.5–148.7)

(−18.7–102.2)

(− 10.2–69.0)

(−10.2–100.5)

 TUGdt MBh cost, %

13.1 (3.4–28.9)

16.3 (6.6–46.7)

18.3 (3.1–31.2)

7.5 (3.3–19.3)

11.5 (3.1–23.8)

  (Min.-max.)

(−21.6–293.9)

(− 18.7–293.9)

(−21.6–83.2)

(−9.0–114.3)

(−17.9–113.4)

 TUGdt NAg, number of animals

7 (5–8)

4 (3–6)

6 (5–7)

7 (6–8)

8 (7–9)

  (Min.-max.)

(0–15)

(0–10)

(0–10)

(2–12)

(3–15)

 TUGdt MBh, number of months

7 (4–9)

4 (2–6)

6 (4–8)

8 (6–9)

9 (8–11)

  (Min.-max.)

(0–13)

(0–12)

(0–12)

(2–12)

(3–13)

 TUGdt NAg, animals/10 s

5.1 (3.3–6.8)

2.5 (1.7–3.6)

4.2 (3.0–5.6)

5.3 (4.3–7.0)

6.7 (5.7–8.3)

  (Min.-max.)

(0–12.4)

(0–11.1)

(0–9.1)

(1.1–11.0)

(2.1–12.4)

 TUGdt MBh, months/10 s

5.5 (2.9–8.0)

1.8 (0.9–3.2)

4.3 (2.2–6.1)

5.6 (4.3–8.0)

7.8 (6.4–9.4)

  (Min.-max.)

(0–14.0)

(0–8.8)

(0–9.3)

(1.0–14.0)

(2.9–13.3)

  1. MCI mild cognitive impairment, SCI subjective cognitive impairment, Min. minimum, Max. maximum, SD standard deviation, MMSE Mini Mental State Examination, TMT Trail Making Test, TUG Timed Up-and Go, TUGdt TUG dual-task, TUGdt NA Timed Up-and-Go dual-task naming animals, TUGdt MB Timed Up-and-Go dual-task months backwards
  2. aParts of the diagnostic assessment
  3. bMissing values, n = 4
  4. cMissing values, n = 19
  5. dMissing values, n = 9
  6. eTest completed within 240 s and with a maximum of four errors
  7. fMissing values, n = 14
  8. gMissing value due to discontinuing, n = 1
  9. hMissing values due to discontinuing, n = 6
  10. iResults are presented as median (interquartile range) if not stated otherwise