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Table 2 Mini Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment test scores for the median subject in our sample, within each of the three hierarchical levels of cognitive control of driving suggested within the Michon model [28]

From: Socio-demographic characteristics and cognitive performance in oldest old subjects asking for driving license renewal

  

Driver Behaviora,b,c

 
 

Strategic Level

Tactical Level

Operational Level

Driving ability

Driving with a copilot, planning the trip before driving, hitting the traffic, avoiding dangerous driving situations

Choosing direction, speed adaptation, anticipatory behavior

Steering, braking, using the vehicle controls, shifting gears

Cognitive functions measured by MMSE (range of possible score values)

Short-term memorya(0–3)

Long-term memory (0–3)

Language (0–8)

Short-term memorya(0–3)

Attention and calculation (0–5)

Visuospatial orientation (0–10)

Constructive apraxia (0–1)

MMSE score for the median subject over the maximum score

13/14

8/8

11/11

Cognitive functions measured by MoCA (range of possible score values)

Long-term memory (0–5)

Abstractionb(0–2)

Language (0–6)

Attention and calculation (0–6)

Visuospatial orientation (0–6)

Visuospatial functioningb(0–3)

Constructive apraxia (0–2)

MoCA score for the median subject

10/13

6/6

11/11

  1. ABBREVIATIONS: MMSE Mini Mental State Examination test; MoCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment test
  2. aDomains available in the MMSE test only
  3. bDomains available in the MoCA test only
  4. cDomains common to both tests were indicated in italics