Table 3 The total mean scores of PRUQ and its items according to participants’ affiliated hospital ward
PRUQ items | Intensive care unit (N = 90) Mean ± SD | Medical ward (N = 90) Mean ± SD | Surgical ward (N = 90) Mean ± SD | Total (N = 270) Mean ± SD | P value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Protecting an older person from: | |||||
a. Falling out of bed | 4.92 ± 0.27 | 4.86 ± 0.34 | 4.84 ± 0.36 | 4.88 ± 0.33 | 0.262 |
b. Falling out of a chair | 3.56 ± 0.49 | 3.46 ± 0.50 | 3.41 ± 0.49 | 3.48 ± 0.50 | 0.107 |
c. Unsafe ambulation | 4.61 ± 0.49 | 4.58 ± 0.58 | 4.56 ± 0.58 | 4.59 ± 0.55 | 0.864 |
2. Preventing an older person from wandering | 2.87 ± 0.33 | 2.95 ± 0.21 | 2.89 ± 0.32 | 2.91 ± 0.29 | 0.151 |
3. Preventing an older person from taking things from others | 2.58 ± 0.50 | 2.52 ± 0.51 | 2.66 ± 0.47 | 2.59 ± 0.49 | 0.140 |
4. Preventing an older person from getting into dangerous places or supplies | 3.81 ± 0.39 | 3.84 ± 0.36 | 3.87 ± 0.34 | 3.84 ± 0.37 | 0.594 |
5. Keeping a confused older person from bothering others | 2.90 ± 0.32 | 2.90 ± 0.30 | 2.88 ± 0.32 | 2.89 ± 0.31 | 0.963 |
6. Preventing an older person from: | |||||
a. Pulling out a catheter | 4.89 ± 0.32 | 4.79 ± 0.41 | 4.81 ± 0.39 | 4.83 ± 0.38 | 0.174 |
b. Pulling out a feeding tube | 4.90 ± 0.30 | 4.82 ± 0.38 | 4.88 ± 0.34 | 4.87 ± 0.34 | 0.289 |
c. Pulling out an IV | 4.83 ± 0.40 | 4.73 ± 0.65 | 4.74 ± 0.57 | 4.77 ± 0.55 | 0.098 |
d. Breaking open sutures | 4.70 ± 0.59 | 4.54 ± 0.65 | 4.64 ± 0.64 | 4.63 ± 0.66 | 0.246 |
e. Removing a dressing | 4.63 ± 0.58 | 4.59 ± 0.60 | 4.61 ± 0.58 | 4.61 ± 0.58 | 0.882 |
7. Providing quiet time or rest for an overactive older person | 3.51 ± 0.50 | 3.53 ± 0.62 | 3.56 ± 0.56 | 3.53 ± 0.56 | 0.802 |
8. Providing for safety when judgment is impaired | 4.72 ± 0.45 | 4.57 ± 0.58 | 4.55 ± 0.60 | 4.61 ± 0.55 | 0.076 |
9. Substituting for staff observation | 4.04 ± 0.68 | 4.42 ± 0.56 | 4.43 ± 0.56 | 4.31 ± 0.62 | 0.001 |
10. Protecting staff or other patients from physical abusiveness/combativeness | 3.39 ± 0.57 | 3.53 ± 0.54 | 3.51 ± 0.67 | 3.47 ± 0.60 | 0.242 |
11. Managing agitation | 4.70 ± 0.46 | 4.57 ± 0.52 | 4.55 ± 0.49 | 4.61 ± 0.51 | 0.094 |
Total PRUQ mean score | 4.09 ± 0.12 | 4.06 ± 0.13 | 4.08 ± 0.13 | 4.08 ± 0.12 | 0.396 |