Effects of physical and social environments on the risk of dementia among Taiwanese older adults: a population-based case-control study

Table 3 Features of living environments in dementia cases and controls

Variables^a	No. of townships (Dementia/control)	Dementia		Control		p^g
Variables^a	No. of townships (Dementia/control)	n	%	n	%	p^g
Physical environments
Parks, greeneries, and square area^a,b						0.1368
Low	112/112	8101	30.9	8157	31.1
Medium	119/118	10,982	41.9	11,126	42.5
High	112/114	7123	27.2	6923	26.4
Playgrounds and sport venues^a,b						<.0001
Low	116/115	13,177	50.3	12,815	48.9
Medium	113/114	9043	34.5	9046	34.5
High	114/115	3986	15.2	4345	16.6
Community centers ^a,c						<.0001
Low	116/115	18,104	69.1	17,580	67.1
Medium	115/113	5818	22.2	6205	23.7
High	112/116	2284	8.7	2421	9.2
Social environments
Median annual family income^a,d						0.0002
Low	106/109	2521	9.6	2796	10.7
Medium	116/115	6029	23.0	6067	23.2
High	121/120	17,656	67.4	17,343	66.1
Illiterate people aged≧65^a,e						0.0364
Low	109/110	11,697	44.6	11,558	44.1
Medium	116/116	9746	37.2	9656	36.9
High	118/118	4763	18.2	4992	19.0
Elderly living alone^a,f						0.7884
Low	116/116	12,348	47.1	12,345	47.1
Medium	113/113	9575	36.5	9630	36.8
High	114/115	4283	16.4	4231	16.1
Other environments
Hospitals and clinics^a,f						0.0005
Low	113/115	2338	8.9	2549	9.7
Medium	111/109	5581	21.3	5741	21.9
High	119/120	18,287	69.8	17,916	68.4
Urbanization						<.0001
Rural	201/202	6352	24.2	6929	26.5
Suburban	114/114	12,612	48.1	12,193	46.5
Urban	28/28	7242	27.6	7084	27.0
Total	343/344	26,206	100.0	26,206	100.0

ISSN: 1471-2318