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Table 3 Logistic regression results of elder abuse stratified by gender differences, BKPAI, 2011

From: Association of functional limitations and disability with elder abuse in India: a cross-sectional study

Characteristics

Abused since 60 years old

Abused in last one month

 

Male

Female

Male

Female

 

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

ADL

 No ADL

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 1 ADL

0.89[0.41, 1.90]

1.06[0.55, 2.05]

0.50[0.10, 2.32]

0.81[0.25, 2.61]

 2 + ADL

1.60*[0.99, 2.59]

1.14[0.75, 1.74]

2.81***[1.37,5.78]

1.41[0.71, 2.81]

IADL

 No IADL

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 1 IADL

1.07[0.67, 1.71]

1.40**[0.92, 2.13]

1.92*[0.96, 3.81]

1.83*[0.96,3.49]

 2 + IADL

1.22[0.81, 1.83]

1.47**[1.03, 2.10]

1.69*[0.92, 3.13]

2.56***[1.46,4.49]

Disability

 No disability

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 1 disability

1.70***[1.27,2.28]

2.18***[1.68,2.84]

2.12***[1.36,3.29]

2.63***[1.77, 3.90]

 2 + disability

1.85***[1.23,2.77]

3.16***[2.22,4.49]

1.72*[0.92, 3.22]

3.18***[1.83, 5.50

Age

 60–69

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 70–79

0.95[0.74, 1.23]

0.84[0.66, 1.07]

0.76[0.51, 1.14]

0.72*[0.49, 1.05]

 80+

1.56**[1.10, 2.21]

0.86[0.61, 1.21]

1.07[0.59, 1.92]

0.85[0.50, 1.42]

Marital status

 Married

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Others

1.04[0.79, 1.39]

1.34***[1.07,1.68]

0.89[0.56, 1.42]

1.34*[0.96, 1.88]

Caste

 SC/ST

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 OBC

1.17[0.85, 1.60]

0.88[0.65, 1.18]

1.15[0.71, 1.87]

0.56**[0.36, 0.88]

 Others

1.38**[1.03, 1.84]

1.39**[1.07, 1.80]

1.77**[1.12, 2.78]

1.32[0.89, 1.95]

Religion

 Hindu

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Muslim

1.01[0.63, 1.62]

0.89[0.58, 1.36]

1.11[0.62, 2.00]

0.84[0.47, 1.50]

 Sikh

1.74**[1.01, 2.97]

1.23[0.75, 2.00]

0.37[0.03, 3.99]

1.06[0.15, 7.16]

 Others

0.67[0.34, 1.31]

1.43[0.89, 2.29]

0.60[0.25, 1.42]

1.20[0.66, 2.17]

Schooling

 0–4 years

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 5–9 years

1.01[0.77, 1.32]

0.76[0.54, 1.06]

0.77[0.50, 1.17]

0.83[0.51, 1.35]

 10+ years

0.72*[0.51, 1.03]

0.43***[0.23,0.77]

0.63[0.36, 1.11]

0.39*[0.13, 1.18]

Wealth quintile

 Poorest

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Second

0.58***[0.42,0.81]

0.67***[0.50,0.89]

0.62**[0.39, .96]

0.56***[0.38, 0.84]

 Middle

0.41***[0.29,0.59]

0.42***[0.31,0.59]

0.37***[0.22, .63]

0.44***[0.28, 0.69]

 Fourth

0.35***[0.24,0.51]

0.33***[0.23,0.46]

0.34***[0.19, .61]

0.33***[0.20, 0.53]

 Richest

0.30***[0.19,0.46]

0.28***[0.19,0.42]

0.29***[0.14, 0.59]

0.31***[0.16, 0.58]

State

 Himachal Pradesh

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Punjab

0.81[0.48, 1.36]

0.92[0.58, 1.48]

0.52[0.08, 3.09]

0.17*[0.02, 1.09]

 West Bengal

0.59**[0.38, 0.92]

0.46***[0.30,0.71]

1.90[0.78, 4.63]

1.21[0.55, 2.66]

 Orissa

0.53***[0.34,0.81]

0.55***[0.36,0.84]

1.15[0.45, 2.93]

0.61[0.24, 1.51]

 Maharashtra

3.53***[2.52,4.94]

3.78***[2.72,5.24]

24.11***[11.3,51.24]

23.23***[12.0,44.6]

 Kerala

0.29***[0.15,0.56]

0.53**[0.32, 0.87]

0.93[0.27, 3.24]

1.14[0.43, 3.01]

 Tamil Nadu

0.13***[0.06,0.27]

0.16***[0.89,0.30]

0.25*[0.05, 1.24]

0.57[0.19, 1.64]

  1. OR Odds Ratio, Ref reference; ***Significant at p < .001, **Significant at p < .005, *Significant at p < .01