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Table 1 Characteristics of the elderly patients with diabetes, categorized according to frailty status

From: Low serum albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, and body mass are risk factors for frailty in elderly people with diabetes–a cross-sectional study

 

All cases

N = 148

Non Frailty

N = 91

Frailtya

N = 57

P values

Age, years

76.9 ± 7.4

75.1 ± 6.8

79.8 ± 7.5

< 0.001 1)

Male, n (%)

63 (42.6)

43 (47.3)

20 (35.1)

0.173 2)

Body mass, kg

57.4 ± 11.1

61.8 ± 9.6

49.1 ± 8.5

< 0.001 1)

BMI, kg/m2

23.2 ± 3.7

23.7 ± 3.5

22.3 ± 3.8

0.029 1)

SBP, mmHg

135.5 ± 19.0

138.5 ± 18.8

130.6 ± 18.4

0.013 1)

DBP, mmHg

72.4 ± 12.1

74.0 ± 12.2

69.9 ± 11.6

0.047 1)

RBC, × 104/μL

413 ± 58

424 ± 55

396 ± 59

0.005 1)

Hemoglobin, g/dL

12.7 ± 1.7

13.1 ± 1.7

12.1 ± 1.6

0.001 1)

Albumin, g/dL

3.95 ± 0.51

4.15 ± 0.32

3.63 ± 0.60

< 0.001 1)

AST, IU/L

25.3 ± 10.7

26.7 ± 10.9

23.1 ± 10.3

0.047 1)

ALT, IU/L

16.5 [12.0–25.3]

19.0 [13.0–27.0]

15.0 [10.0–22.0]

0.017 3)

HbA1c, %

6.92 ± 0.84

6.99 ± 0.79

6.80 ± 0.90

0.171 1)

S-Creatinine, mg/dL

0.70 [0.60–1.00]

0.70 [0.60–0.90]

0.80 [0.60–1.10]

0.125 3)

eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2

59.5 [40.0–73.4]

65.4 [52.3–74.4]

54.9 [38.4–69.1]

0.007 3)

Uric acid, mg/dL

5.16 ± 1.43

5.06 ± 1.33

5.33 ± 1.57

0.265 1)

Triglycerides, mg/dL

140 ± 77

139 ± 74

141 ± 82

0.911 1)

LDL-C, mg/dL

101 ± 31

102 ± 31

99 ± 31

0.623 1)

HDL-C, mg/dL

53.2 ± 14.3

56.0 ± 14.3

48.6 ± 13.4

0.002 1)

Calcium, mg/dL

9.35 ± 0.49

9.27 ± 0.36

9.48 ± 0.63

0.011 1)

DHEA-S, μg/dL

57.5 [39.0–89.0]

66.0 [44.5–106.0]

48.0 [33.0–68.0]

0.002 3)

Cortisol, μg/dL

9.50 ± 2.79

9.09 ± 2.77

10.16 ± 2.71

0.022 1)

Ratio Cortisol/ DHEA-S

0.16 [0.10–0.25]

0.13 [0.09–0.22]

0.20 [0.14–0.34]

< 0.001 3)

Anti-HT drug use, n (%)

87 (58.8)

51 (56.0)

36 (63.2)

0.493 2)

Anti-DL drug use, n (%)

72 (48.6)

44 (48.4)

28 (49.1)

0.999 2)

  1. Data are expressed as means ± SD or medians [25–75% values] or numbers (%)
  2. aFrailty was defined using the clinical frailty score (≥5). P values were determined using1) the unpaired t-test,2) Fisher’s exact test3) Mann-Whitney test. BMI body mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, DHEA-S dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, HT hypertension, DL dyslipidemia