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Table 2 Odds of being Frail. Multivariate regression models (N = 1599)

From: Hemoglobin concentration; a pathway to frailty

 

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

Model 5

Model 6

 

OR

CI 95%

p

OR

CI 95%

p

OR

CI 95%

p

OR

CI 95%

P

OR

CI 95%

p

OR

CI95%

p

Age (years)

  < 79

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

 79–83

1.49

(1.11–2.00)

0.008*

1.53

(1.14–2.06)

0.005*

1.58

(1.17–2.14)

0.003*

1.52

(1.12–2.06)

0.007*

1.58

(1.15–2.18)

0.005*

1.56

(1.13–2.14)

0.007*

 83–87

1.99

(1.48–2.65)

< 0.001*

2.03

(1.50–2.75)

< 0.001*

2.10

(1.55–2.85)

< 0.001*

1.84

(1.35–2.52)

< 0.001*

1.84

(1.33–2.55)

< 0.001*

1.86

(1.34–2.57)

< 0.001*

  > 87

3.80

(2.80–5.12)

< 0.001*

3.85

(2.80–5.28)

< 0.001*

4.03

(2.92–5.56)

0.000*

3.45

(2.49–4.79)

0.000*

3.20

(2.27–4.49)

< 0.001*

3.23

(2.29–4.55)

< 0.001*

Sex

 Male

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

 Female

1.41

(1.12–1.77)

0.004*

1.42

(1.13–1.79)

0.003*

1.48

(1.17–1.88)

0.001*

1.48

(1.16–1.88)

0.001*

1.44

(1.13–1.85)

0.004*

1.48

(1.14–1.92)

0.003*

Hemoglobin count (g/dl)

0.78

(0.72–0.85)

< 0.001*

0.79

(0.73–0.86)

< 0.001*

0.81

(0.75–0.89)

< 0.001*

0.82

(0.75–0.89)

< 0.001*

0.86

(0.79–0.94)

0.001*

0.86

(0.79–0.94)

0.001*

Kidney function (eGFR)

 Normal

   

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

 Mild decrease

   

0.75

(0.51–1.10)

0.14

0.75

(0.51–1.11)

0.15

0.77

(0.52–1.15)

0.20

0.80

(0.53–1.21)

0.30

0.82

(0.54–1.25)

0.36

 Moderate to severe decrease

   

0.82

(0.53–1.25)

0.36

0.81

(0.52–1.24)

0.33

0.84

(0.54–1.30)

0.43

0.88

(0.56–1.40)

0.60

0.90

(0.57–1.44)

0.67

 Severe decrease

   

0.92

(0.40–2.08)

0.84

0.82

(0.36–1.87)

0.64

0.86

(0.37–1.99)

0.72

0.84

(0.35–2.00)

0.70

0.80

(0.34–1.91)

0.62

Inflammation status (CRP)

 No inflammation

      

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

 Inflammation

      

2.25

(1.58–3.20)

< 0.001*

2.26

(1.58–3.25)

< 0.001*

2.11

(1.45–3.07)

< 0.001*

2.12

(1.45–3.09)

< 0.001*

Cognitive (MMSE)

                  

 No impairment

         

1

  

1

  

1

  

 Mild impairment

         

1.74

(1.36–2.22)

< 0.001*

1.53

(1.18–1.98)

0.001*

1.44

(1.10–1.87)

0.007*

 Moderate impairment

         

2.27

(1.68–3.08)

< 0.001*

1 .81

(1.32–2.50)

< 0.001*

1.65

(1.18–2.31)

0.003*

 Severe impairment

         

4.29

(1.60–11.51)

0.004*

1.98

(0.71–5.51)

0.19

1.72

(0.62–4.81)

0.30

Nutritional status (MNA)

 Normal

            

1

  

1

  

 Risk of malnutrition

            

3.23

(2.53–4.11)

0.000*

3.24

(2.55–4.13)

< 0.001*

 Malnutrition

            

8.21

(4.03–16.74)

0.000*

8.15

(4.00–16.60)

< 0.001*

School education level

 Low level of education

               

1

  

 Middle level of education

               

0.91

(0.70–1.18)

0.47

 High level of education

               

0.69

(0.50–0.95)

0.025*

Living arrangements

 Living alone

               

1

  

 Living with others

               

0.80

(0.63–1.01)

0.06

  1. eGFR Equations for glomerular filtration rate, CRP C-reactive protein, MMSE Mini mental state examination, MNA Mini nutritional assessment
  2. * P<0.05
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