Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study subjects

 Age, mean (SD), years

 Gender, Male, n(%)

 School education, n(%)

 Low level of education

 Middle level of education

 High level of education

 Living arrangements n(%)

 Living alone

 Living with others

 Hypertension n(%)

 Diabetes mellitus n(%)

 Atrial arrhythmia n(%)

 Thrombo embolic disease n(%)

 Cardiovascular disease n(%)

 Congestive heart failure n(%)

 Chronic respiratory disease n(%)

 Renal insufficiency n(%)

 Connectivitis n(%)

 Prebaseline cancer n(%)

 Frailty Fried’s criteria

 Non frail

 Frail

 Cognitive: MMSE score (%)

 No impairment ≥26

 Mild impairment 21–25

 Moderate impairment 11–20

 Severe impairment 0–10

 Nutritional status

 MNA score ≥ 24

 MNA score 17–23.5

 MNA score < 17

 ADL score(/6), median (IQR)

 IADL score(/8), median (IQR)

 Hemoglobin, Mean ± SD g/dl

 Mean corpuscular volume, median (IQR), fl

 White blood cell count, median (IQR), 10^3/cm

 Platelets, median (IQR), 10^3/cm

 Anemia n(%)

 C-reactive protein, median (IQR), mg/L

 Normal (eGFR ≥90 ml/min/1.73m²), n(%)

 Mild decrease (eGFR 60–89 ml/min/1.73m²), n(%)

 Moderate to severe decrease (eGFR 30–59 ml/min/1.73m²), n(%)

 Severe decrease (eGFR≤29 ml/min/1.73m²), n(%)