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Table 5 Summary of Themes and Subthemes for Impacts on Teina

From: Kaumātua Mana Motuhake: peer education intervention to help Māori elders during later-stage life transitions

Themes

Subthemes

Example Quotes (Pseudonym)

Mana motuhake: Enhanced autonomy and independence

Subtheme 1: Wairuatanga—Realising potential; self-efficacy/ confidence

I think this program is awesome. In way that it has woken or enlightened me. (Tau, 68, male)

Ko te whaka kaha toru i to wairua taha i ringawa katoa. The continued strengthening of the spirit at all times. (Tua, 68, male)

Makes you think about yourself and where you stand. (Kokako, 73, male)

Subtheme 2: Manaakitanga—Enhancing self-esteem, identity, and wellbeing

It’s exchanging knowledge and understanding with a little bit of Māori in it too. It’s been a great difference to me. (Tāne, 78, male)

I enjoyed this program because it gave me the courage to express myself and how I felt in my daily routines and it helped me. (Mihi, 66, female)

Being Māori, the connections are more stable. A lot of the times we are geared to look good in front of the Pākehā. Kaumātua mana motuhake bridges that gap. (Mahanga, 69, male)

Subtheme 3: Rangatiratanga—Taking action; making changes. Specific changes in self /actions taken

[The intervention] open [s] your eyes to more information. It triggered me how to deal with things in my life that weren’t pleasant. (Hei, 75, male)

Helps you out of isolation, loneliness. Helps you participate again in things that move you forward. Takes away the shyness. Opens the door to stepping out. (Ara, 67, male)

It’s good, socialising, getting some other kaumātua’s point of view, getting involved instead of being a recluse. (Ina, 75, female)

Whanaungatanga: Strengthened whānau and social connectedness

Strengthened whānau and social connectedness

I shared most of the things that I learnt, to my family, then it was my job to take them everything that I’d learnt, and also shared information with my neighbours. Told them what this programme had done for me as a person, and also filled them in, and sort of like questions, where things they could be helped with. (Hinemoa, female focus group participant)

I would recommend others participate and I am enjoying writing my story for my mokos (grandchildren). (Arama, 68, male)

The people I meet there and talk to. Everyone’s got a smile. You don’t need to get ignored. It’s you people that have boosted my life more you have a bit of a laugh. (Pahoro, 56, female)

Tautokotanga: Strengthened access to information

Strengthened knowledge about services or information that can make a difference to kaumātua

It helps you be not alone. The resources are here and the people are here. (Kara, 73, female)

I found it was good, because I could learn, when I was speaking with [my tuakana], learn about the services that are provided for me, because there are services out there that you can tap into, that I didn’t know of. (Pare, female focus group participant)

I can see the benefits and understand the opportunity of being able to make contacts with people that understand and can offer me assistance and advice. (Kiri, 70, female)