Table 3 Patients (n = 715) with PIMs identified with the NORGEP-NH list before and after hospitalisation
Patients with PIMs | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Before | After | Removed | Not changed | Added | ||||||
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
Part A: Single substance criteria | ||||||||||
1.Combination analgesic codein/paracetamol | 94 | 13.1 | 83 | 11.6 | 47 | 6.6 | 47 | 6.6 | 36 | 5.0 |
2. Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) | 25 | 3.5 | 17 | 2.4 | 11 | 1.5 | 14 | 2.0 | 3 | 0.4 |
3. Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) | 47 | 6.6 | 27 | 3.8 | 31 | 4.3 | 16 | 2.2 | 11 | 1.5 |
4. First-generation antihistamines | 26 | 3.6 | 29 | 4.1 | 8 | 1.1 | 18 | 2.5 | 11 | 1.5 |
5. Diazepam | 56 | 7.8 | 50 | 7.0 | 27 | 3.8 | 29 | 4.1 | 21 | 2.9 |
6. Oxazepam: Dosage > 30 mg/day | 10 | 1.4 | 11 | 1.5 | 7 | 1.0 | 3 | 0.4 | 8 | 1.1 |
7. Zopiclone: Dosage > 5 mg/day | 144 | 20.1 | 142 | 19.9 | 28 | 3.9 | 116 | 16.2 | 26 | 3.6 |
8. Nitrazepam | 26 | 3.6 | 21 | 2.9 | 8 | 1.1 | 18 | 2.5 | 3 | 0.4 |
9. Flunitrazepam | 1 | 0.1 | – | – | 1 | 0.1 | – | – | – | – |
10. Chlometiazole | 2 | 0.3 | 9 | 1.3 | 1 | 0.1 | 1 | 0.1 | 8 | 1.1 |
11. Regular use of hypnoticsa | 196 | 27.4 | 206 | 28.8 | 28 | 3.9 | 168 | 23.5 | 38 | 5.3 |
Total part A | 316 | 44.2 | 322 | 45.0 | 60 | 8.4 | 256 | 35.8 | 66 | 9.2 |
Part B: Combinations to avoid | ||||||||||
12. Warfarin + NSAIDs | 2 | 0.3 | – | – | 2 | 0.2 | – | – | – | – |
13. Warfarin + SSRIs/SNRIsb | 13 | 1.8 | 13 | 1.8 | 5 | 0.7 | 8 | 1.1 | 5 | 0.7 |
14. Warfarin+ ciprofloxacin/ofloxacin/erythromycin/clarithromycin | 3 | 0.4 | 2 | 0.3 | 3 | 0.4 | – | – | 2 | 0.3 |
15. NSAIDs/coxibsc + ACE-inhibitors/AT2-antagonists | 16 | 2.2 | 13 | 1.8 | 11 | 1.5 | 5 | 0.7 | 8 | 1.1 |
16. NSAIDs/coxibs + diuretics | 8 | 1.1 | 7 | 1.0 | 7 | 1.0 | 1 | 0.1 | 6 | 0.8 |
17. NSAIDs/coxibs + glucocorticoids | 6 | 0.8 | 6 | 0.8 | 3 | 0.4 | 3 | 0.4 | 3 | 0.4 |
18. NSAIDs/coxibs + SSRI/SNRIs | 7 | 1.0 | 4 | 0.6 | 7 | 1.0 | – | – | 4 | 0.6 |
19. ACE-inhibitorsd/AT2-antagonistse + potassium or potassium-sparing diuretics | 19 | 2.7 | 23 | 3.2 | 9 | 1.3 | 10 | 1.4 | 13 | 1.8 |
20. Beta blocking agents + cardioselective calcium antagonists | 2 | 0.3 | 2 | 0.3 | 1 | 0.1 | 1 | 0.1 | 1 | 0.1 |
21. Erythromycin/clarithromycin + statins | 1 | 0.1 | 2 | 0.3 | 1 | 0.1 | – | – | 2 | 0.3 |
22.Bisphosponate + proton pump inhibitors | 18 | 2.5 | 22 | 3.1 | 4 | 0.6 | 14 | 2.0 | 8 | 1.1 |
23. Concomitant use of 3 or more psychotropics | 52 | 7.3 | 65 | 9.1 | 18 | 2.5 | 34 | 4.8 | 31 | 4.3 |
24. Tramadol + SSRIs | 2 | 0.3 | 7 | 1.0 | 1 | 0.1 | 1 | 0.1 | 6 | 0.8 |
25. Metoprolol + paroxetine/fluoxetine/bupropion | 1 | 0.1 | 2 | 0.3 | – | – | 1 | 0.1 | 1 | 0.1 |
26. Metformin + ACE-Inhibitors/AT2-antagonists + diuretics | 9 | 1.3 | 6 | 0.8 | 5 | 0.7 | 4 | 0.6 | 2 | 0.3 |
Total part B | 129 | 18.0 | 139 | 19.4 | 49 | 6.9 | 80 | 11.2 | 59 | 8.3 |
Total PART A and B | 357 | 49.9 | 362 | 50.6 | 73 | 10.2 | 284 | 39.7 | 78 | 10.9 |