Table 2 Patients (n = 715) with PIMs identified with the EU(7)-PIM list before and after hospitalisation grouped at ATC-level 3 and with the most frequently prescribed medications highlighted
Patients with PIMs | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Before | After | Removed | Not changed | Added | ||||||
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
N05 Psycholeptics | 260 | 36.4 | 293 | 41.0 | 35 | 4.9 | 225 | 31.5 | 68 | 9.5 |
Zopiclone (Dosage > 3.75 mg/day) | 190 | 26.6 | 208 | 29.1 | 31 | 4.3 | 159 | 22.2 | 49 | 6.9 |
Diazepam | 56 | 7.8 | 50 | 7.0 | 27 | 3.8 | 29 | 4.1 | 21 | 2.9 |
Nitrazepam | 26 | 3.6 | 21 | 2.9 | 8 | 1.1 | 18 | 2.5 | 3 | 0.4 |
Zolpidem | 20 | 2.8 | 22 | 3.1 | 6 | 0.8 | 14 | 2.0 | 8 | 1.1 |
C08 Calcium channel blockers | 45 | 6.3 | 49 | 6.9 | 14 | 2.0 | 31 | 4.3 | 18 | 2.5 |
Nifedipine | 23 | 3.2 | 33 | 4.6 | 5 | 0.7 | 18 | 2.5 | 15 | 2.1 |
N06 Psychoanaleptics | 42 | 5.9 | 36 | 5.0 | 14 | 2.0 | 28 | 3.9 | 8 | 1.1 |
Amitriptyline | 18 | 2.5 | 14 | 2.0 | 7 | 1.0 | 11 | 1.5 | 3 | 0.4 |
B01 Antithrombotic agents | 39 | 5.5 | 110 | 15.4 | 12 | 1.7 | 27 | 3.8 | 83 | 11.6 |
Dipyridamole | 23 | 3.2 | 55 | 7.7 | 9 | 1.3 | 14 | 2.0 | 41 | 5.7 |
Dabigatran | 10 | 1.4 | 17 | 2.4 | 3 | 0.4 | 7 | 1.0 | 10 | 1.4 |
Rivaroxaban | 6 | 0.8 | 33 | 4.6 | 2 | 0.3 | 4 | 0.6 | 29 | 4.1 |
N02 Analgesics | 37 | 5.2 | 48 | 6.7 | 21 | 2.9 | 16 | 2.2 | 32 | 4.5 |
Tramadol | 6 | 0.8 | 33 | 4.6 | 2 | 0.3 | 4 | 0.6 | 29 | 4.1 |
A10 Drugs used in diabetes | 31 | 4.3 | 31 | 4.3 | 5 | 0.7 | 26 | 3.6 | 5 | 0.7 |
Glimepiride | 25 | 3.5 | 22 | 3.1 | 4 | 0.6 | 21 | 2.9 | 1 | 0.1 |
G04 Urologicals | 35 | 4.9 | 32 | 4.5 | 13 | 1.8 | 22 | 3.1 | 10 | 1.4 |
R05 Cough and cold preparations | 28 | 3.9 | 17 | 2.4 | 23 | 3.2 | 5 | 0.7 | 12 | 1.7 |
Ethylmorphine | 28 | 3.9 | 17 | 2.4 | 23 | 3.2 | 5 | 0.7 | 12 | 1.7 |
C01 Cardiac therapy | 23 | 3.2 | 25 | 3.5 | 5 | 0.7 | 18 | 2.5 | 7 | 1.0 |
Digoxin | 15 | 2.1 | 19 | 2.7 | 4 | 0.6 | 11 | 1.5 | 8 | 1,1 |
M01 Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products | 22 | 3,1 | 15 | 2.1 | 17 | 2.4 | 5 | 0.7 | 10 | 1.4 |
A03 Drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders | 21 | 2.9 | 22 | 3.1 | 16 | 2.2 | 5 | 0.7 | 17 | 2.4 |
Metoclopramide | 21 | 2.9 | 22 | 3.1 | 16 | 2.2 | 5 | 0.7 | 17 | 2.4 |
R06 Antihistamines for systemic use | 16 | 2.2 | 14 | 2.0 | 6 | 0.8 | 10 | 1.4 | 4 | 0.6 |
A02 Drugs for acid-related disorders | 14 | 2.0 | 15 | 2.1 | 3 | 0.4 | 11 | 1.5 | 4 | 0.6 |
G03 Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system | 14 | 2.0 | 15 | 2.1 | 3 | 0.4 | 11 | 1.5 | 4 | 0.6 |
J01 Antibacterials for systemic use | 12 | 1.7 | 12 | 1.7 | 12 | 1.7 | – | 0.0 | 12 | 1.7 |
N04 Anti-parkinson drugs | 12 | 1.7 | 11 | 1.5 | 2 | 0.3 | 10 | 1.4 | 1 | 0.1 |
A06 Drugs for constipation | 9 | 1.3 | 21 | 2.9 | 6 | 0.8 | 3 | 0.4 | 18 | 2.5 |
C02 Antihypertensives | 9 | 1.3 | 7 | 1.0 | 2 | 0.3 | 7 | 1.0 | – | – |
C07 Beta-blocking agents | 9 | 1.3 | 6 | 0.8 | 5 | 0.7 | 4 | 0.6 | 2 | 0.3 |
C03 Diuretics | 7 | 1.0 | 4 | 0.6 | 4 | 0.6 | 3 | 0.4 | 1 | 0.1 |
N03 Antiepileptics | 7 | 1.0 | 11 | 1.5 | 1 | 0.1 | 6 | 0.8 | 5 | 0.7 |
A07 Antidiarrheals, intestinal anti-inflammatory/ anti-infective agents | 4 | 0.6 | 11 | 1.5 | 0.0 | 4 | 0.6 | 7 | 1.0 | |
M03 Muscle relaxants | 4 | 0.6 | 3 | 0.4 | 1 | 0.1 | 3 | 0.4 | – | – |
R01 Nasal preparations | 3 | 0.4 | 3 | 0.4 | 3 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 3 | 0.4 | |
A04 Antiemetics and antinauseants | 1 | 0.1 | 1 | 0.1 | 1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.1 | |
M04 Antigout preparations | 1 | 0.1 | 2 | 0.3 | – | – | 1 | 0.1 | 1 | 0.1 |
C04 Peripheral vasodilators | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.1 | – | – | – | – | 1 | 0.1 |