Table 3 Outcomes with significant interaction effect on sex: Hospitalization and Medicare outpatient payment (N = 773)

Base Model

OR

OR

CR

CR

 Remained Non-frail

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Improve

2.04 (0.71–5.83)

1.89 (0.96–3.73)

1.13 (0.71–1.80)

1.63 (1.20–2.23) *

 Remained Pre-frail

3.89 (1.30–11.7) *

1.64 (0.74–3.64)

1.49 (0.85–2.61)

1.01 (0.70–1.46)

 Remained Frail

7.78 (2.06–29.3) *

2.56 (0.95–6.86)

1.65 (0.73–3.70)

1.16 (0.70–1.94)

 Worse

4.85 (1.91–12.3) *

1.27 (0.65–2.48)

2.08 (1.36–3.19) *

1.20 (0.90–1.61)

 Remained Non-frail

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Improve

1.93 (0.65–5.75)

1.54 (0.76–3.12)

1.14 (0.70–1.85)

1.53 (1.12–2.09) *

 Remained Pre-frail

3.49 (1.13–10.8) *

1.44 (0.63–3.26)

1.40 (0.79–2.48)

0.96 (0.66–1.39)

 Remained Frail

6.92 (1.61–29.7) *

1.45 (0.48–4.34)

1.49 (0.61–3.63)

0.92 (0.54–1.57)

 Worse

4.49 (1.74–11.6) *

1.17 (0.59–2.33)

2.00 (1.30–3.09) *

1.16 (0.87–1.56)