Skip to main content

Table 2 Effect of early frailty transition on healthcare utilization and Medicare payment (N = 773)

From: Frailty transitions predict healthcare use and Medicare payments in older Mexican Americans: a longitudinal cohort study

Transition Group

Hospitalization

ER Admission

Physician Visit

Total payment

Outpatient payment

OR (95%CI)

OR (95%CI)

RR (95%CI)

CR (95%CI)

CR (95%CI)

Base Model (N = 788)

 Remained Non-frail

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Improve

1.95 (1.11–3.43) *

0.84 (0.54–1.30)

1.12 (0.95–1.31)

1.67 (1.21–2.30) *

1.49 (1.14–1.95) *

 Remained Pre-frail

2.24 (1.18–4.23) *

1.16 (0.70–1.92)

1.05 (0.87–1.28)

1.46 (1.00–2.14)

1.17 (0.85–1.61)

 Remained Frail

3.82 (1.74–8.36) *

1.46 (0.73–2.93)

1.14 (0.88–1.49)

1.94 (1.14–3.31) *

1.33 (0.85–2.07)

 Worse

2.16 (1.27–3.66) *

1.00 (0.67–1.50)

1.18 (1.02–1.37)

2.07 (1.54–2.78) *

1.49 (1.16–1.91) *

Multivariate (N = 773)&

 Remained Non-frail

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Improve

1.60 (0.89–2.87)

0.72 (0.45–1.13)

1.07 (0.91–1.27)

1.51 (1.09–2.10) *

1.42 (1.08–1.87) *

 Remained Pre-frail

1.97 (1.03–3.77) *

0.93 (0.55–1.58)

1.03 (0.84–1.25)

1.29 (0.88–1.89)

1.13 (0.82–1.56)

 Remained Frail

2.65 (1.13–6.24) *

0.90 (0.41–1.95)

1.10 (0.83–1.46)

1.40 (0.79–2.48)

1.13 (0.70–1.81)

 Worse

2.00 (1.17–3.43) *

0.89 (0.59–1.35)

1.17 (1.01–1.36)

2.09 (1.55–2.83) *

1.47 (1.15–1.89) *

  1. *Significant difference at p-value of < 0.05 & Multivariate model: Adjusted for age, sex, marital status, education, body mass index, comorbidity, activities of daily living (ADL), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Due to missing data on education, ADL, and MMSE, the final sample included in the multivariate model is 773
  2. Abbreviations: OR odds ratio, ER emergency department, CI confidence interval, RR rate ratio, CR cost ratio