Table 5 Binary and multivariable logistic regression of associations between depression, loneliness, anxiety, and anxious depression and demographic factors of participants
|  | Depression Total sample (n = 1099) | Model 1 |  | Model 2 |  | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | Depressed n (%) | Non-depressed n (%) | COR (95% CI) | P-value | AOR (95% CI) | P-value |
Age | ||||||
 60–69 Years | 136 (23.8) | 118 (22.3) | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 70–74 years | 292 (51.1) | 224 (42.4) | 1.13 (0.84,1.53) | 0.424 | 1.18 (0.82, 1.71) | 0.369 |
  ≥ 75 years | 143 (25.1) | 186 (35.2) | 0.67 (0.48, 0.93) | 0.016 | 0.73 (0.49, 1.10) | 0.131 |
Gender | ||||||
 Male | 281 (49.2) | 317 (60.0) | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 Female | 290 (50.8) | 211 (40.0) | 1.55 (1.22, 1.97) | <  0.000 | 1.49 (1.09, 2.00) | 0.011 |
Residence | ||||||
 Urban | 339 (59.4) | 288 (54.5) | 1.00 (ref) |  | 1.00 |  |
 Rural | 232 (40.6) | 240 (45.5) | 0.82 (0.46, 0.73) | 0.107 | 1.01 (0.74, 1.40) | 0.941 |
Education level | ||||||
 Pry education | 81 (14.2) | 125 (23.7) | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 Sec. education | 176 (30.8) | 204 (38.6) | 1.33 (0.94, 1.88) | 0.104 | 2.24 (1.40, 3.57) | 0.001 |
 Tertiary education | 314 (55.0) | 199 (37.7) | 2.44 (1.75, 3.39) | 0.000 | 3.82 (2.37, 6.16) | <  0.000 |
Marital Status | ||||||
 Single | 97 (17.0) | 81 (15.3) | 1.00 |  | 1.00a |  |
 Div./Separated | 109 (19.1) | 117 (22.2) | 0.78 (0.53, 1.15) | 0.211 | – | – |
 Married | 298 (52.2) | 293 (55.5) | 0.85 (0.61, 1.19) | 0.341 | – | – |
 Widowed | 67 (11.7) | 37 (7.0) | 1.51 (0.57, 1.08) | 0.104 | – | – |
Monthly Income (pension or earnings) | ||||||
  < #10,000 | 203 (35.6) | 199 (37.7) | 1.00 |  | 1.00b |  |
 #10,000-#19,000 | 261 (45.7) | 252 (47.7) | 1.02 (0.78, 1.32) | 0.909 | – | – |
 #20,000 - #29,000 | 68 (11.9) | 53 (10.0) | 1.26 (0.84, 1.89) | 0.272 | – | – |
 #30,000 & above | 39 (6.8) | 24 (4.5) | 1.59 (0.92, 2.75) | 0.094 | – | – |
Loneliness | ||||||
 Not lonely | 437 (76.5) | 422 (79.9) | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 Lonely | 134 (23.5) | 106 (20.1) | 1.24 (0.89, 1.74) | 0.027 | 1.19 (0.84, 1.69) | 0.036 |
Anxiety | ||||||
 Non-anxious | 345 (60.4) | 450 (85.2) | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 Anxious | 226 (39.6) | 78 (14.8) | 0.05 (0.02, 0.16) | <  0.000 | 0.06 (0.017, 0.176) | <  0.000 |
Anxious depression | ||||||
 Non-anxious depressed | 348 (60.9) | 526 (99.6) | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 Anxious depressed | 223 (39.1) | 2 (0.4) | 0.03 (0.01, 0.02) | <  0.000 | 314.58 (508.05, 1941.70) | <  0.000 |