Table 4 Individuals with metabolic syndrome (Mets) compared with apparently healthy individuals

Women, n (%)^a

3143 (52.6)

10,257 (59.3)

Age (years)^a

56.6 ± 14.0

46.4 ± 15.8

Body mass index (kg/m²)^a

26.1 ± 3.2

22.8 ± 3.0

Waist circumference (cm)^a

89.6 ± 8.1

78.4 ± 8.8

Skeletal muscle index (%)^a

28.9 ± 4.2

30.4 ± 4.5

Physical activity (METs-minutes/week)

2716.3 ± 4354.5

2804.2 ± 4394.4

Resting heart rate (beats/min)^a

71.6 ± 9.5

70.6 ± 9.3

eCRF (ml/kg/min)^a

29.6 ± 9.5

34.8 ± 8.9

Systolic BP (mmHg)^a

131.1 ± 16.6

114.6 ± 15.6

Diastolic BP (mmHg)^a

82.6 ± 10.6

74.5 ± 10.0

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)^a

199.1 ± 38.9

185.0 ± 34.6

HDL-C (mg/dL)^a

41.2 ± 8.7

51.2 ± 11.3

Triglycerides (mg/dL)^a

217.2 ± 150.0

105.9 ± 74.2

Glucose (mg/dL)^a

112.3 ± 31.3

92.9 ± 17.3

Insulin (μU/mL)^a

12.5 ± 8.4

9.1 ± 4.2

HbA1c (%)^a

6.8 ± 1.4

5.8 ± 1.0

HOMA-IR^a

3.5 ± 3.3

2.1 ± 1.2

Vitamin D (ng/mL)^a

18.8 ± 6.7

18.1 ± 6.7

Caloric intake (kcal/day)^a

1877.9 ± 844.4

1917.2 ± 823.2

Protein (g/day)^a

64.7 ± 36.9

68.8 ± 37.9

Fat (g/day)^a

32.1 ± 28.5

38.2 ± 30.4

Carbohydrate (g/day)

314.6 ± 120.9

312.8 ± 123.4

Current/past smokers, n (%)^a

2639 (44.2)

6466 (37.4)

Heavy drinking, n (%)^a

921 (15.5)

2087 (12.1)